Publications by authors named "Mark Mayo"

Melioidosis, an infection with the bacterium , is highly endemic in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia. The indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) is the most widely used serology test globally, but it is not standardised among the limited number of laboratories that perform it. While concerns have been raised about the sensitivity of IHA early in melioidosis infections, the advantage of IHA over more recently developed ELISAs is that testing serial dilutions allows a titre to be recorded.

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Melioidosis is caused by the environmental pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. Among 1,331 patients with melioidosis during 1989-2023 in the Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study in Australia, we identified 6 locally acquired cases caused by B. pseudomallei sequence type 46.

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Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis, is a One Health concern as it is acquired directly from soil and water and causes disease in humans and agricultural and wild animals. We examined B. pseudomallei in soil and goats at a single farm in the Northern Territory of Australia where >30 goats acquired melioidosis over nine years.

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is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease highly endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia, though the area of endemicity is expanding. Cases may occur in returning travelers or, rarely, from imported contaminated products. Identification of is challenging for laboratories that do not see this organism frequently, and misidentifications by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and automated biochemical testing have been reported.

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Melioidosis is an emerging tropical infectious disease with a rising global burden caused by the environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic in Southeast and South Asia, including Bangladesh. A rare aminoglycoside-susceptible B.

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Background: Health inequities persist among First Nations people living in developed countries. Surgical care is pivotal in addressing a significant portion of the global disease burden. Evidence regarding surgical outcomes among First Nations people in Australia is limited.

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Background: Engagement and partnership with consumers and communities throughout research processes produces high quality research meeting community needs and promoting translation of research into improved policy and practice. Partnership is critical in research involving Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (First Nations Peoples) to ensure cultural safety. We present lessons from the design, implementation and progress of the National Health and Medical Research Council funded INtravenous iron polymaltose for First Nations Australian patients with high FERRitin levels on hemodialysis (INFERR) clinical trial.

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Genomic diversity in a pathogen population is the foundation for evolution and adaptations in virulence, drug resistance, pathogenesis, and immune evasion. Characterizing, analyzing, and understanding population-level diversity is also essential for epidemiological and forensic tracking of sources and revealing detailed pathways of transmission and spread. For bacteria, culturing, isolating, and sequencing the large number of individual colonies required to adequately sample diversity can be prohibitively time-consuming and expensive.

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Article Synopsis
  • Melioidosis, caused by the Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteria, is prevalent in tropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, with potential endemicity in Riau Province, Indonesia.
  • A retrospective study analyzed 68 cases from hospitals in Riau from 2009 to 2021, revealing a mean patient age of 49.1 years, predominantly male (85%), and a high incidence of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor, with a mortality rate of 41%.
  • Genomic analysis of B. pseudomallei isolates confirmed three distinct sequence types, indicating a genetic link between strains in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, and highlighting the need for improved detection and diagnostics in the region.
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Melioidosis is a potentially life-threatening infection. This study aimed to assess the melioidosis knowledge among distinct participant groups in the tropical Top End of the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. Participants were categorised into three groups: NT medical students and health research staff (Group 1: Hi-Ed), Aboriginal Rangers and Aboriginal Healthcare Workers (Group 2: Rangers/AHWs), and patients with a history of melioidosis infection (Group 3: Patients).

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Article Synopsis
  • Flea-borne typhus (FBT), or murine typhus, is a zoonotic infection that occurs worldwide, but is relatively rare in the U.S., with endemics noted in places like Los Angeles County.
  • FBT usually presents as a mild fever but can lead to serious complications like hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in some cases.
  • The report discusses a specific case where the patient was treated with doxycycline for FBT and successfully recovered from HLH, along with a review of similar documented cases.
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Indigenous peoples globally are at increased risk of COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality. However, data that describe immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Indigenous populations are lacking. We evaluated immune responses in Australian First Nations peoples hospitalized with COVID-19.

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, the causative agent of melioidosis, has not yet been reported in Timor-Leste, a sovereign state northwest of Australia. In the context of improved access to diagnostic resources and expanding clinical networks in the Australasian region, we report the first 3 cases of culture-confirmed melioidosis in Timor-Leste. These cases describe a broad range of typical presentations, including sepsis, pneumonia, multifocal abscesses, and cutaneous infection.

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High-risk groups, including Indigenous people, are at risk of severe COVID-19. Here we found that Australian First Nations peoples elicit effective immune responses to COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, including neutralizing antibodies, receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific B cells, and CD4 and CD8 T cells. In First Nations participants, RBD IgG antibody titers were correlated with body mass index and negatively correlated with age.

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Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin designed mainly for treatment of infections caused by β-lactam and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates are usually highly cefiderocol susceptible, with resistance found in a few isolates. Resistance in clinical B.

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Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative soil bacterium well recognized in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. However, wider and expanding global distribution of B. pseudomallei has been elucidated.

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Melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease that causes high morbidity and mortality. Public health awareness is essential for both prevention and early detection of the infection. This project aimed to develop an internationally applicable educational tool to increase community awareness in regions with high prevalence of diabetes and melioidosis.

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Hypervirulent (hvKp) causes invasive infections in the community setting. We report a rare case of uterine abscess due to hvKp, which appeared as a large-sized ovarian tumor-like pelvic mass. A timely laboratory warning of possible hvKp prompted correct diagnosis and helped guide perioperative decision making, contributing to successful treatment.

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Melioidosis is endemic in the remote Katherine region of northern Australia. In a population with high rates of chronic disease, social inequities, and extreme remoteness, the impact of melioidosis is exacerbated by severe weather events and disproportionately affects First Nations Australians. All culture-confirmed melioidosis cases in the Katherine region of the Australian Top End between 1989-2021 were included in the study, and the clinical features and epidemiology were described.

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Background: Culture of remains the gold standard for diagnosis of melioidosis but is not possible in many resource-limited settings where melioidosis is endemic. Direct identification of antigen in clinical samples has been developed using a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) targeting capsular polysaccharide.

Methods: We summarized the findings from the 8 studies to date of the Active Melioidosis Detect (AMD) LFA and compared these with our results from 232 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis.

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Background: The autotransporter protein Burkholderia intracellular motility A (BimA) facilitates the entry of Burkholderia pseudomallei into the central nervous system (CNS) in mouse models of melioidosis. Its role in the pathogenesis of human cases of CNS melioidosis is incompletely defined.

Methods: Consecutive culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis at two sites in tropical Australia after 1989 were reviewed.

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Each case of melioidosis results from a single event when a human is infected by the environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Darwin, in tropical northern Australia, has the highest incidences of melioidosis globally, and the Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study (DPMS) commenced in 1989, documenting all culture-confirmed melioidosis cases. From 2000 to 2019, we sampled DPMS patients' environments for B.

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Distinct strains were isolated from soil samples collected in tropical northern Australia (Northern Territory and the Torres Strait Islands, Queensland). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and whole genome sequences revealed these strains were distinct from previously described species and assigned them to two novel clades within the B. pseudomallei complex (Bpc).

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Introduction: The absence of a diagnostic test for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a major impediment in managing this serious childhood condition. ARF is an autoimmune condition triggered by infection with group A . It is the precursor to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a leading cause of health inequity and premature mortality for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand and internationally.

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Purpose: In 2012, US Marines and Sailors began annual deployments to Australia to participate in joint training exercises with the Australian Defence Force and other partners in the region. During their training, US service members are exposed to a variety of infectious disease threats not normally encountered by American citizens. This paper describes a cohort of US Marines and Sailors enrolled during five rotations to Australia between 2016 and 2020.

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