Consumers pay attention to ingredients on the front of a label: an eye tracking study.

Sunscreen is an important part of skin cancer prevention. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed numerous changes to sunscreen labeling including adding active ingredients to the front of a label. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe differences in attention between current label formatting and the proposed label formatting.

Making decisions about health information on social media: a mouse-tracking study.

Health misinformation is a problem on social media, and more understanding is needed about how users cognitively process it. In this study, participants' accuracy in determining whether 60 health claims were true (e.g.

Prevalence of Physical Activity Requirements Among US Colleges/Universities Participating in the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II.

Physical activity requirements (PAR; ie, courses required for graduation) have been proposed as a policy solution for increasing undergraduate physical activity. This study aimed to report prevalence of PAR among US colleges/universities participating in the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) and to understand whether these requirements were associated with campus characteristics. Data from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II serial cross-sectional survey (2015-2019) were merged with researcher coded variables (2019): binary PAR status, nature of PAR (activity-based, conceptual, or combination), and number of courses required to fulfill the PAR.

Associations Between College/University Physical Activity Requirements and Student Physical Activity.

Most U.S. college students do not meet physical activity guidelines.

Cross-Sectional Association of State Recess Laws With District-Level Policy and School Recess Provision in the United States.

Background: State recess laws are recommended to encourage adequate and equitable access to recess and its benefits, but the downstream effects of state recess laws are unknown. We examined the association of state recess laws with district-level policy and school recess provision.

Methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of the School Health Policies and Practices Survey, a US nationally representative sample of school districts (2016) and schools (2014).

Estimating population size when individuals are asynchronous: A model illustrated with northern elephant seal breeding colonies.

Our aim was to develop a method for estimating the number of animals using a single site in an asynchronous species, meaning that not all animals are present at once so that no one count captures the entire population. This is a common problem in seasonal breeders, and in northern elephant seals, we have a model for quantifying asynchrony at the Año Nuevo colony. Here we test the model at several additional colonies having many years of observations and demonstrate how it can account for animals not present on any one day.

Factors Associated with Cancer Message Believability: a Mixed Methods Study on Simulated Facebook Posts.

The ability to share and obtain health information on social media (SM) places higher burden on individuals to evaluate the believability of such health messages given the growing nature of misinformation circulating on SM. Message features (i.e.

Health Behaviors of Cancer Survivors and Population Controls From the National Health Interview Survey (2005-2015).

Background: Population-based data from the National Health Interview Survey were examined to provide estimates of a wide range of health behaviors in cancer survivors (ie, physical activity, sun protection, alcohol use, cigarette and e-cigarette use, sleep, and diet) and trends over time.

Methods: Data were collected from 92 257 participants across 3 waves of the National Health Interview Survey. A total of 8050 participants reported having had cancer (2428 in 2005, 2333 in 2010, 3289 in 2015).

Rudolf Hess - The Doppelgänger conspiracy theory disproved.

The Deputy Führer of the Third Reich Rudolf Hess was captured after a controversial flight to Scotland in 1941. Hess was sentenced to life imprisonment during the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. He was detained in Berlin's Spandau Prison under the official security designation 'Spandau #7.

Blue is in the Eye of the Beholder: A Cross-Linguistic Study on Color Perception and Memory.

The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that the language one speaks affects how one thinks. Color categorization across languages has often been studied in order to examine the hypothesis. However, those studies often rely on uniform color stimuli or focus on one aspect of cognition.

Changes Over Time in the Comprehension of He and They as Epicene Pronouns.

An epicene pronoun is a gender-neutral singular pronoun used in sentences when the gender of the subject is unknown or unspecified. In English, he and they are commonly-used epicene pronouns. Until recently, he has been widely accepted as being grammatically correct.

Far-Red and Near-Infrared Seminaphthofluorophores for Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Imaging.

Molecular probes that selectively highlight pancreatic cancer (PC) tissue have the potential to improve pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) margin assessment through the selective highlighting of individual PC cells. Herein, we report a simple and unique family of systematically modified red and near-infrared fluorescent probes that exhibit a field-effect-derived redshift. Two of thirteen probes distributed to the normal mouse pancreas following systemic administration.

Correction to 'Food limitation of sea lion pups and the decline of forage off central and southern California'.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150628.

Food limitation of sea lion pups and the decline of forage off central and southern California.

California sea lions increased from approximately 50 000 to 340 000 animals in the last 40 years, and their pups are starving and stranding on beaches in southern California, raising questions about the adequacy of their food supply. We investigated whether the declining sea lion pup weight at San Miguel rookery was associated with changes in abundance and quality of sardine, anchovy, rockfish and market squid forage. In the last decade off central California, where breeding female sea lions from San Miguel rookery feed, sardine and anchovy greatly decreased in biomass, whereas market squid and rockfish abundance increased.

Fluorescein Tri-Aldehyde Promotes the Selective Detection of Homocysteine.

Elevated homocysteine levels are a well-known independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. To date, relatively few selective fluorescent probes for homocysteine detection have been reported. The lack of sensing reagents and remaining challenges largely derive from issues of sensitivity and/or selectivity.

A dual emission fluorescent probe enables simultaneous detection of glutathione and cysteine/homocysteine.

Many studies have shown that glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) / homocysteine (Hcy) levels are interrelated in biological systems. To unravel the complicated biomedical mechanisms by which GSH and Cys/Hcy are involved in various disease states, probes that display distinct signals in response to GSH and Cys/Hcy are highly desirable. In this work, we report a rhodol thioester () that responds to GSH and Cys/Hcy with distinct fluorescence emissions in neutral media.

Differences in heterocycle basicity distinguish homocysteine from cysteine using aldehyde-bearing fluorophores.

We report the detection of homocysteine over cysteine based upon characteristic differences between 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic amines formed upon reaction with aldehyde-bearing compounds. Homocysteine-derived thiazinane-4-carboxylic acids are more basic than cysteine-derived thiazolidines-4-carboxylic acids. Fluorescence enhancement in response to homocysteine is achieved by tuning pH and excitation wavelength.

A photochemical method for determining plasma homocysteine with limited sample processing.

The photolytic formation of thiyl radicals allows for the selective detection of total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma after reduction and filtering. The mechanism is based on the reduction of viologens by the α-amino carbon centred radical of Hcy generated by intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) of its thiyl radical.

Simple enrichment and analysis of plasma lysophosphatidic acids.

A simple and highly efficient technique for the analysis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) subspecies in human plasma is described. The streamlined sample preparation protocol furnishes the five major LPA subspecies with excellent recoveries. Extensive analysis of the enriched sample reveals only trace levels of other phospholipids.

Progress toward red and near-infrared (NIR) emitting saccharide sensors.

Red-shifted and near-infrared (NIR)-active rhodamine analogs and their boronic acid derivatives were synthesized and studied. These latter compounds function as fluorogenic NIR active substrates for sugar sensing. The effects of benzannulation and boronic acid functionalization on fluorophore optical and sensing properties are described.

A fast response highly selective probe for the detection of glutathione in human blood plasma.

A fluorescent probe for glutathione (GSH) detection was developed. Our study indicates a possible mechanism which couples a conjugate addition and micelle-catalyzed large membered ring formation/elimination sequence. This method enables excellent selectivity towards GSH over other biological thiols such as cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy).

Progress Towards Simple and Direct Detection of Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency in Human Urine.

A rhodamine based boronic acid linearly responds to increasing 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAr) concentrations in human urine. This method is thus an advance in detecting adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency as AICAr is a model riboside for the ADSL substrates succinyladenosine (S-Ado) and succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICAr). ADSL deficiency is a rare but devastating disease of de novo purine synthesis in infants.

Field effects induce bathochromic shifts in xanthene dyes.

There is ongoing interest in near-infrared (NIR) absorbing and emitting dyes for a variety of biomedical and materials applications. Simple and efficient synthetic procedures enable the judicious tuning of through-space polar (field) effects as well as low barrier hydrogen bonding to modulate the HOMO-LUMO gap in xanthene dyes. This affords unique NIR-absorbing xanthene chromophores.