Muscularis propria detected at colonic biopsy is not a critical value.

Perforation is a rare but potentially serious complication of cold forceps colonic biopsies. The presence of muscularis propria might portend increased risk of perforation and warrant urgent communication with endoscopists. However, identifying muscularis propria at time of biopsy is difficult for many reasons, including histologic overlap with muscularis mucosa.

Incidental Hepatic Tissue Obtained via Routine Cholecystectomy.

. The hepatic tissue that may occupy specimens from routine cholecystectomies has yet to be studied. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of hepatic tissue obtained at routine cholecystectomy, to determine whether such hepatic tissue can histologically withstand technical artifacts commonly associated with cholecystectomy, and to determine whether examining such hepatic tissue has diagnostic utility.

Phenotypic and genotypic differences in colorectal carcinoma among Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics lack statistical significance.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has been shown to have both genetic and environmental factors that can promote carcinoma development. Previous studies have found ethnic differences in the distribution of molecular phenotypes of CRC. Very little specific data exist regarding Hispanic CRC, and these data primarily focus on epidemiology or location of carcinoma.

Massive Submucosal Ganglia in Colonic Inertia.

Context: - Colonic inertia is a debilitating form of primary chronic constipation with unknown etiology and diagnostic criteria, often requiring pancolectomy. We have occasionally observed massively enlarged submucosal ganglia containing at least 20 perikarya, in addition to previously described giant ganglia with greater than 8 perikarya, in cases of colonic inertia. These massively enlarged ganglia have yet to be formally recognized.

Specimens from biopsies of colorectal polyps often harbor additional diagnoses.

Objectives. The utility of examining specimens from colorectal biopsies of polyps for nonneoplastic diseases is currently unknown. Our objectives were to characterize such additional diagnoses that could be rendered.

Colorectal stents orient specimens and induce artifacts that mimic Crohn disease.

Colorectal malignancies may be stented to alleviate obstruction. The stent is a polarized and braided network of metallic wires. Pathology associated with colorectal stents is yet to be described.

Comprehensive evaluation of colorectal polyps in specimens from endoscopic biopsies.

Modern evaluation of specimens from biopsies of colorectal polyps has become increasingly complex because of tremendous progress in the understanding of colorectal neoplasia. Although pathologists are generally familiar with the basic handling of carcinoma in the setting of polypectomies or resections, the comprehensive evaluation of specimens from biopsies of colorectal polyps obtained with forceps is far from intuitive and has yet to be reviewed. Comprehensive evaluation requires always addressing several key issues, even when dealing with seemingly routine cases.

Pseudolipomatosis affects specimens from endometrial biopsies.

Pseudolipomatosis refers to optically clear vacuoles that artifactually contaminate specimens, and it most commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract. Pseudolipomatosis closely resembles adult white fat and is of group "A" or "B" when vacuoles have mild or marked variation in size, respectively. Pseudolipomatosis has yet to be reported to occur in the endometrium.

Immunohistochemical basis for adjuvant anti-angiogenic targeted therapy for renal carcinoid: initial case report.

Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical profile of a carcinoid (low grade neuroendocrine tumor of the kidney) from a patient with lymph node positive disease who remains disease free for 31 months after radical nephrectomy, lymph node dissection, and adjuvant therapy with sunitinib malate.

Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD31, VEGF, HIF-1α, HIF-2, and Glut-1. Staining was evaluated in 3 high-power fields and samples scored as strongly positive (3+), moderately positive (2+), weakly positive (1+), or negative (0).

Solitary fibrous tumor of the larynx.

Background: True mesenchymal, non-cartilaginous neoplasms of the larynx are rare. Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a localized neoplasm characterized by proliferation of thin-walled vessels and collagen-producing cells and is considered within the "hemangiopericytoma-solitary fibrous tumor" spectrum. SFT primary in the larynx is exceptional.

Docetaxel-induced mitotic arrest in epithelium of gallbladder: a hitherto unreported occurrence.

Chemotherapeutic agents that bind tubulin cause mitotic arrest, which may be seen histologically. Such mitotic arrest has been reported to occur in the skin, alimentary canal, lungs, liver, bone marrow, endometrium, breasts, or in ascites following treatment with paclitaxel, vincristine, colchicine, podophyllotoxin, or maytansine. Mitotic arrest as a result of docetaxel, a taxane that binds tubulin, has yet to be reported.

Iatrogenic pulse granuloma detected at prostatectomy.

Pulse granulomas are peculiar reactions to vegetable matter characterized by aggregates of hyaline rings and may be oral or extraoral. Pulse granulomas are important to recognize because they may indicate serious pathologic processes, may simulate neoplasia clinically, and may morphologically be confused with hyaline vasculopathy. We recently encountered a case involving a highly unusual pulse granuloma in a 55-year-old man who underwent prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the pancreas: a report of 2 cases with literature review.

Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the pancreas is rare. Histologically it mimics the giant cell tumor of the bone and may be associated with a ductal adenocarcinoma. We recently encountered two such cases, both of which were biopsied by EUS-guided FNA.

Intramucosal ganglion cells in normal adult colorectal mucosa.

Intramucosal ganglion cells are incompletely understood. Reviewed were 100 normal specimens from colorectal biopsies of nonconstipated adults to firmly establish the existence of intramucosal ganglion cells in normal adult colorectal mucosa, determine whether intramucosal giant ganglia exist, and compare the prevalence of colorectal intramucosal ganglion cells between men and women. Fifty specimens from each gender were examined.

Incidental rectal mucosa obtained via transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic core biopsies.

A retrospective review was conducted of material from 782 transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic core biopsies to determine whether incidental pieces of rectal mucosa obtained in this manner could harbor clinically significant rectal pathology or incur artifacts that cause diagnostic difficulty. Material from 114 biopsies (14.6%) showed rectal mucosa, and material from 19 (16.

Pulse granulomas detected in gallbladder, fallopian tube, and skin.

Context: Foreign material typically elicits reactions dominated by multinucleated giant cells. Pulse granulomas are peculiar reactions to particles of food that are characterized by clusters of small to medium-sized hyaline rings. Pulse granulomas are rare and have occupied only the lungs, in association with aspiration, and the alimentary canal, in association with oral pathology, colonic diverticula, and a rectal mass.

Automated virtual microscopy of gastric biopsies.

Background: Automated virtual microscopy of specimens from gastrointestinal biopsies is based on cytometric parameters of digitized histological sections. To our knowledge, cytometric parameters of gastritis and of adenocarcinoma have yet to be fully characterized. Our objective was to classify gastritis and adenocarcinoma based on cytometric parameters.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor colliding with angiosarcoma.

The collision of gastric tumors is rare, and those involving gastrointestinal stromal tumor and angiosarcoma have not been previously reported. This article reports a gastric tumor involving collision of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and angiosarcoma. The patient was an 81-year-old man who presented with dyspepsia and large gastric mass.

Colorectal intramucosal perikarya of ganglion cells.

It generally is believed that perikarya of ganglion cells in the human colorectum are confined to plexuses that lie deep to the mucosa, and that intramucosal perikarya are rare. We retrospectively reviewed 100 specimens from biopsies of normal and abnormal mucosa to further characterize intramucosal perikarya. The presence of intramucosal perikarya, their number, location, and grouping were recorded.

Three-dimensional virtual microscopy of colorectal biopsies.

Conventional optical microscopy of specimens from colorectal biopsies commonly produces diagnostic errors due to incomplete sampling or poor orientation. Obtaining additional sections or re-embedding may help avoid these errors, but can prolong turnaround time. We describe new technology, which incorporates exhaustive sectioning, 3-dimensional reconstruction, and virtual microscopy, that may eliminate these problems by enabling pathologists to rapidly examine entire specimens and convert poorly oriented mucosa to well-oriented mucosa.

Deeper examination of negative colorectal biopsies.

Initial histologic sections of specimens from colorectal biopsies of putative lesions may lack polyps. These sections may contain lymphoid aggregates that seemingly correlate with endoscopic findings; however; additional sections might contain polyps. We reviewed 83 specimens from colorectal biopsies of putative lesions for which initial sections lacked polyps.