Optimizing cystoscopy and TURBT: enhanced imaging and artificial intelligence.

Diagnostic cystoscopy in combination with transurethral resection of the bladder tumour are the standard for the diagnosis, surgical treatment and surveillance of bladder cancer. The ability to inspect the bladder in its current form stems from a long chain of advances in imaging science and endoscopy. Despite these advances, bladder cancer recurrence and progression rates remain high after endoscopic resection.

Explainable deep learning for tumor dynamic modeling and overall survival prediction using Neural-ODE.

While tumor dynamic modeling has been widely applied to support the development of oncology drugs, there remains a need to increase predictivity, enable personalized therapy, and improve decision-making. We propose the use of Tumor Dynamic Neural-ODE (TDNODE) as a pharmacology-informed neural network to enable model discovery from longitudinal tumor size data. We show that TDNODE overcomes a key limitation of existing models in its ability to make unbiased predictions from truncated data.

Bladder Cancer and Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Applications.

Bladder cancer is a common and heterogeneous disease that poses a significant burden to the patient and health care system. Major unmet needs include effective early detection strategy, imprecision of risk stratification, and treatment-associated morbidities. The existing clinical paradigm is imprecise, which results in missed tumors, suboptimal therapy, and disease progression.

Stroma-Mediated Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation Indirectly Drives Chemoresistance by Accelerating Tumor Recovery between Chemotherapy Cycles.

Unlabelled: The ability of tumors to survive therapy reflects both cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms. Across many cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a high stroma/tumor ratio correlates with poor survival. In many contexts, this correlation can be explained by the direct reduction of therapy sensitivity induced by stroma-produced paracrine factors.

Efficient Augmented Intelligence Framework for Bladder Lesion Detection.

Purpose: Development of intelligence systems for bladder lesion detection is cost intensive. An efficient strategy to develop such intelligence solutions is needed.

Materials And Methods: We used four deep learning models (ConvNeXt, PlexusNet, MobileNet, and SwinTransformer) covering a variety of model complexity and efficacy.

Tumor detection under cystoscopy with transformer-augmented deep learning algorithm.

Accurate tumor detection is critical in cystoscopy to improve bladder cancer resection and decrease recurrence. Advanced deep learning algorithms hold the potential to improve the performance of standard white-light cystoscopy (WLC) in a noninvasive and cost-effective fashion. The purpose of this work is to develop a cost-effective, transformer-augmented deep learning algorithm for accurate detection of bladder tumors in WLC and to assess its performance on archived patient data.

Real-time Detection of Bladder Cancer Using Augmented Cystoscopy with Deep Learning: a Pilot Study.

Background: Detection of bladder tumors under white light cystoscopy (WLC) is challenging yet impactful on treatment outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to improve tumor detection; however, its application in the real-time setting remains unexplored. AI has been applied to previously recorded images for post hoc analysis.

Conceptual framework and documentation standards of cystoscopic media content for artificial intelligence.

Background: The clinical documentation of cystoscopy includes visual and textual materials. However, the secondary use of visual cystoscopic data for educational and research purposes remains limited due to inefficient data management in routine clinical practice.

Methods: A conceptual framework was designed to document cystoscopy in a standardized manner with three major sections: data management, annotation management, and utilization management.

Paracrine enhancement of tumor cell proliferation provides indirect stroma-mediated chemoresistance via acceleration of tumor recovery between chemotherapy cycles.

The ability of tumors to survive therapy reflects both cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms. Across many cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a high stroma/tumor ratio correlates with poor survival. In many contexts, this correlation can be explained by the direct reduction of therapy sensitivity by stroma-produced paracrine factors.

PlexusNet: A neural network architectural concept for medical image classification.

State-of-the-art (SOTA) convolutional neural network models have been widely adapted in medical imaging and applied to address different clinical problems. However, the complexity and scale of such models may not be justified in medical imaging and subject to the available resource budget. Further increasing the number of representative feature maps for the classification task decreases the model explainability.

Conceptual Framework and Documentation Standards of Cystoscopic Media Content for Artificial Intelligence.

Background: The clinical documentation of cystoscopy includes visual and textual materials. However, the secondary use of visual cystoscopic data for educational and research purposes remains limited due to inefficient data management in routine clinical practice.

Methods: A conceptual framework was designed to document cystoscopy in a standardized manner with three major sections: data management, annotation management, and utilization management.

An Efficient Framework for Video Documentation of Bladder Lesions for Cystoscopy: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Processing full-length cystoscopy videos is challenging for documentation and research purposes. We therefore designed a surgeon-guided framework to extract short video clips with bladder lesions for more efficient content navigation and extraction. Screenshots of bladder lesions were captured during transurethral resection of bladder tumor, then manually labeled according to case identification, date, lesion location, imaging modality, and pathology.

Spontaneous cell fusions as a mechanism of parasexual recombination in tumour cell populations.

The initiation and progression of cancers reflect the underlying process of somatic evolution, in which the diversification of heritable phenotypes provides a substrate for natural selection, resulting in the outgrowth of the most fit subpopulations. Although somatic evolution can tap into multiple sources of diversification, it is assumed to lack access to (para)sexual recombination-a key diversification mechanism throughout all strata of life. On the basis of observations of spontaneous fusions involving cancer cells, the reported genetic instability of polypoid cells and the precedence of fusion-mediated parasexual recombination in fungi, we asked whether cell fusions between genetically distinct cancer cells could produce parasexual recombination.

Project ACTIVE: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Personalized and Patient-Centered Preventive Care in an Urban Safety-Net Setting.

Background: Evidence-based preventive care in the USA is underutilized, diminishing population health and worsening health disparities. We developed Project ACTIVE, a program to improve adherence with preventive care goals through personalized and patient-centered care.

Objective: To determine whether Project ACTIVE improved utilization of preventive care and/or estimated life expectancy compared to usual care.

Optical biopsy of penile cancer with in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Introduction: Surgical management of penile cancer depends on accurate margin assessment and staging. Advanced optical imaging technologies may improve penile biopsy and organ-sparing treatment. We evaluated the feasibility of confocal laser endomicroscopy for intraoperative assessment of benign and malignant penile tissue.

Proprioceptive function is more sensitive than motor function to desflurane anesthesia.

Background: Evaluating the effects of sub-immobilizing anesthetic doses on movement will identify target neural circuits for investigation as sites of action for anesthetic-induced immobility.

Methods: Eleven pithed Northern Leopard frogs received 0, 0.4, 0.

Immobilizing doses of halothane, isoflurane or propofol, do not preferentially depress noxious heat-evoked responses of rat lumbar dorsal horn neurons with ascending projections.

Background: The spinal cord is an important site where volatile anesthetics decrease sensation and produce immobility. Beyond this knowledge, our understanding of a site of anesthetic action is limited. Previous evidence suggests that dorsal horn neurons with ascending projections may be more susceptible to depression by general anesthetics than local spinal interneurons.