Hospital COVID-19 Burden and Adverse Event Rates.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced stresses on hospitals due to the surge in demand for care and to staffing shortages. The implications of these stresses for patient safety are not well understood.

Objective: To assess whether hospital COVID-19 burden was associated with the rate of in-hospital adverse effects (AEs).

Nebulized hypertonic saline and positive expiratory pressure device use in patients with bronchiectasis: Analysis from the United States Bronchiectasis and NTM research registry.

Background: Nebulized Hypertonic saline (HS) and positive expiratory pressure device (PEP) are often used in patients with bronchiectasis. We sought to describe the clinical characteristics in patients using HS and PEP, utilizing a large national database registry.

Methods: Data from the US Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry were used in this study.

Opportunities to Enhance Diagnostic Testing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Qualitative Multinational Survey of Healthcare Professionals.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health challenge. Global efforts to decrease AMR through antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives include education and optimising the use of diagnostic technologies and antibiotics. Despite this, economic and societal challenges hinder AMS efforts.

Association between bronchiectasis exacerbations and longitudinal changes in FEV in patients from the US bronchiectasis and NTM research registry.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the number of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (bronchiectasis) exacerbations during baseline and follow-up (objective 1) and to identify longitudinal changes in FEV associated with exacerbation frequency (objective 2).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients enrolled in the US Bronchiectasis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Research Registry September 2008 to March 2020. Objective 1 outcome was association between exacerbations during baseline (24 months) and 0-to-24 month and 24-to-48 month follow-up windows.

Five-Year Outcomes among U.S. Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry Patients.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are prevalent among patients with bronchiectasis. However, the long-term natural history of patients with NTM and bronchiectasis is not well described. To assess the impact of NTM on 5-year clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.

Severity of bronchiectasis predicts use of and adherence to high frequency chest wall oscillation therapy - Analysis from the United States Bronchiectasis and NTM research registry.

Background: High frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) is a form of airway clearance therapy that has been available since the mid-1990s and is routinely used by patients suffering from retained pulmonary secretions. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), neuromuscular disease (NMD), and other disorders, including bronchiectasis (BE) and COPD (without BE), are commonly prescribed this therapy. Limited evidence exists describing HFCWO use in the BE population, its impact on long-term management of disease, and the specific patient populations most likely to benefit from this therapy.

Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Guidelines.

Two recent major guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) recommend consideration of local antibiotic resistance patterns and individual patient risks for resistant pathogens when formulating an initial empiric antibiotic regimen. One recommends against invasive diagnostic techniques with quantitative cultures to determine the cause of VAP; the other recommends either invasive or noninvasive techniques. Both guidelines recommend short-course therapy be used for most patients with VAP.

Mechanisms and management of cough in interstitial lung disease.

Introduction: Many patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), especially fibrotic ILDs, experience chronic cough. It negatively impacts both physical and psychological well-being. Effective treatment options are limited.

Relationship Between In-Hospital Adverse Events and Hospital Performance on 30-Day All-cause Mortality and Readmission for Patients With Heart Failure.

Background: Hospitals with high mortality and readmission rates for patients with heart failure (HF) might also perform poorly in other quality concepts. We sought to evaluate the association between hospital performance on mortality and readmission with hospital performance rates of safety adverse events.

Methods: This cross-sectional study linked the 2009 to 2019 patient-level adverse events data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System, a randomly selected medical records-abstracted patient safety database, to the 2005 to 2016 hospital-level HF-specific 30-day all-cause mortality and readmissions data from the United States Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Benefit-risk assessment of brensocatib for treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

https://bit.ly/3SbisW3.

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Dynamics in Healthcare Workers after mRNA Vaccination.

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, maintaining healthcare worker (HCW) health and safety has been fundamental to responding to the global pandemic. Vaccination with mRNA-base vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has emerged as a key strategy in reducing HCW susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, however, neutralizing antibody responses subside with time and may be influenced by many variables. We sought to understand the dynamics between vaccine products, prior clinical illness from SARS-CoV-2, and incidence of vaccine-associated adverse reactions on antibody decay over time in HCWs at a university medical center.

Temporal trends in postoperative and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the United States.

Objective: To determine change in rates of postoperative pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized in the United States during 2009-2019.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Patients: Patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.

Analysis of Hospital-Level Readmission Rates and Variation in Adverse Events Among Patients With Pneumonia in the United States.

Importance: It is known that hospitalized patients who experience adverse events are at greater risk of readmission; however, it is unknown whether patients admitted to hospitals with higher risk-standardized readmission rates had a higher risk of in-hospital adverse events.

Objective: To evaluate whether patients with pneumonia admitted to hospitals with higher risk-standardized readmission rates had a higher risk of adverse events.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study linked patient-level adverse events data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS), a randomly selected medical record abstracted database, to the hospital-level pneumonia-specific all-cause readmissions data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

A Comparative Analysis of Catheter Directed Thrombolysis with Anticoagulation Alone or Systemic tPA in Acute Pulmonary Embolism with Cor Pulmonale.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) with cor pulmonale causes considerable mortality and morbidity. Randomized trials have failed to show a mortality difference between treatment modalities including anticoagulation (AC), Catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and systemic tPA (tissue plasminogen activator).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective case-control study utilizing the 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS).

The Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis is a condition defined by permanently dilated airways and characterized by chronic cough and sputum and in many patients, recurrent exacerbations. Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous condition, with numerous underlying risk factors and initiating conditions. These factors share in common the ability to impair the mechanisms by which the airways are protected from inflammatory or infectious insults.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients with bronchiectasis: An analysis of the US bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry.

Introduction: Little information is available about Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients with bronchiectasis. We analyzed data from the US Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry to determine its prevalence and association with patient characteristics and severity of disease.

Methods: Baseline and follow-up data were entered into a central web-based database.