Multi-Site Concordance of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Quantification for Assessing Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness.

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is commonly used to detect prostate cancer, and a major clinical challenge is differentiating aggressive from indolent disease.

Purpose: To compare 14 site-specific parametric fitting implementations applied to the same dataset of whole-mount pathologically validated DWI to test the hypothesis that cancer differentiation varies with different fitting algorithms.

Study Type: Prospective.

Radio-pathomic mapping model generated using annotations from five pathologists reliably distinguishes high-grade prostate cancer.

Our study predictively maps epithelium density in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) space while varying the ground truth labels provided by five pathologists to quantify the downstream effects of interobserver variability. Clinical imaging and postsurgical tissue from 48 recruited prospective patients were used in our study. Tissue was sliced to match the MRI orientation and whole-mount slides were stained and digitized.

Gleason Probability Maps: A Radiomics Tool for Mapping Prostate Cancer Likelihood in MRI Space.

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. The current paradigm for screening and diagnosis is imperfect, with relatively low specificity, high cost, and high morbidity. This study aims to generate new image contrasts by learning a distribution of unique image signatures associated with prostate cancer.

Radio-pathomic Maps of Epithelium and Lumen Density Predict the Location of High-Grade Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to combine multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digitized pathology with machine learning to generate predictive maps of histologic features for prostate cancer localization.

Methods And Materials: Thirty-nine patients underwent MRI prior to prostatectomy. After surgery, tissue was sliced according to MRI orientation using patient-specific 3-dimensionally printed slicing jigs.

Development of a high risk pancreatic screening clinic using 3.0 T MRI.

Selective screening for pancreatic cancer (PC) has been proposed. We describe the establishment of a comprehensive multidisciplinary screening program using 3.0 T MRI.

Optimized -value selection for the discrimination of prostate cancer grades, including the cribriform pattern, using diffusion weighted imaging.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging, is commonly used to diagnose prostate cancer. This radiology-pathology study correlates prostate cancer grade and morphology with common -value combinations for calculating apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Thirty-nine patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were recruited for MP-MRI prior to surgery.

Pre-Hepatectomy Assessment of Bile Transporter Expression by Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI in a Rat Model of Liver Cirrhosis.

Background: Gadoxetic acid is a liver-specific intravenous T1 magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent that is excreted via the hepatobiliary system. We hypothesize that hepatocyte expressions of bile transporters (OATP1 and MRP2) correlate with dynamic profile of Gadoxetic acid enhanced (GE)-MR imaging (MRI).

Methods: Two groups of rats, control (n = 6) and cirrhosis (n = 12), received gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI followed by 70% hepatectomy.

A literature review of radiological findings to guide the diagnosis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis.

Background: Gallbladder adenomyomatosis (GA) is a benign gallbladder entity discovered as an asymptomatic gallbladder mass. Since gallbladder cancer is in the differential diagnosis for gallbladder masses, the ability to differentiate benign disease avoids a more extensive oncologic resection. This study sought to review imaging modalities used to diagnose GA.

Pancreas transplant imaging: how I do it.

Pancreas transplantation aims to restore physiologic normoglycemia in diabetic patients with glomerulopathy and avoid or delay the onset of diabetic retinopathy and arteriopathy. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant is the most common approach, using a cadaveric pancreas donation in conjunction with either cadaveric or live donor renal transplant. Alternative techniques include pancreas after kidney transplant, in which the pancreas transplant is performed some years after renal transplant.

The effect of low b-values on the intravoxel incoherent motion derived pseudodiffusion parameter in liver.

Purpose: To examine the effect of low b-values (0 < b < 50 s/mm(2)) on the calculation of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) derived pseudodiffusion parameter in the normal liver.

Methods: Simulations were performed to examine the effects of adding low b-values on the pseudodiffusion parameter. Low b-values were cumulatively added to the distribution and the IVIM signal was generated with varying pseudodiffusion values.

Placenta increta after hysteroscopic myomectomy.

Background: Most cases of abnormal placentation are associated with a history of one or more cesarean deliveries. Uterine leiomyomas and treatment for such a diagnosis are also risk factors for placenta accreta and should be viewed as such.

Case: A 34-year-old woman underwent a hysteroscopic myomectomy and became pregnant 6 months later.

Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in adult patients following the Fontan procedure.

Objective:   Recent data indicate that patients after the Fontan procedure are at risk for significant liver dysfunction; however, the prevalence and extent of liver disease in the Fontan population remains unknown. Furthermore, limited data exist in regard to screening for liver disease in adult Fontan patients. We sought to determine the prevalence of liver disease in adult patients following the Fontan procedure using computed tomography (CT) and serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis.