CT Angiography of the Upper Extremities: Review of Acute Arterial Entities.

Historically, evaluation of the upper extremity vasculature was performed using digital subtraction angiography. With the advancement of cross-sectional imaging and submillimeter isotropic data acquisition, CT angiography (CTA) has become an excellent noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluation of the vasculature of the upper extremities. CTA allows quick evaluation of vessel patency and irregularity and achievement of the anatomic detail needed in preoperative planning.

mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands breadth of B cell response in humans.

Eliciting broad and durable antibody responses against rapidly evolving pathogens like influenza viruses remains a formidable challenge. The germinal center (GC) reaction enables the immune system to generate broad, high-affinity, and durable antibody responses to vaccination. mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines induce persistent GC B cell responses in humans.

Post-contrast abdominal magnetic resonance imaging of critically ill patients using compressed sensing free-breathing golden radial angle imaging.

Obtaining diagnostic-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen in critically ill patients can be difficult due to challenges with breath-holding and the inability to follow technologist instructions. Protocols that harness advances in commercially available MRI techniques provide a potential solution, particularly using the golden radial angle sparse parallel (GRASP) technique for dynamic post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. The GRASP technique uses a combination of free-breathing, a stack-of-stars radial acquisition, and compressed sensing reconstruction acquired over several minutes to produce motion-free images at time points defined by the user; these include the non-contrast, arterial, venous, and delayed images, which are typical of abdominal MRI protocols.

Pilot Study on the Influence of Incentive Spirometry on Percutaneous Image-Guided Intra-Abdominal Drainage Catheter Pressure: A Potential Method to Enhance Drainage.

Background: To report the evaluation of incentive spirometry (IS)-induced pressure changes in intra-abdominal drainage catheters and consider its use for maintaining catheter patency and enhancing drainage.

Methods: Prospective study of patients with indwelling intra-abdominal drainage catheters for abdominal fluid collections who had their intra-abdominal pressures measured while performing incentive spirometry. Patients were instructed in the use of an incentive spirometer.

Subcutaneous and visceral fat are associated with worse outcomes in gunshot injuries but not stab injuries to the torso.

Purpose: The effect of obesity in penetrating trauma outcomes is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a protective effect of subcutaneous or visceral fat from stab and gunshot wounds.

Methods: 443 patients admitted after penetrating traumatic injury of the torso were retrospectively identified from our institution's trauma registry.

Frequency of Hepatic Metastatic Disease in Patients with Stage IV Breast Cancer Is Similar for Steatotic and Non-Steatotic Livers.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease; diagnosis at an early stage renders it potentially curable, whereas advanced metastatic disease carries a worse prognosis.

Objectives: To investigate whether hepatic steatosis (HS) is associated with liver metastases in patients with newly diagnosed stage IV female breast cancer patients (either de novo metastatic breast cancer or recurrent metastatic breast cancer) using non-contrast computed tomography (CT) as a marker of HS.

3D printing exposure and perception in radiology residency: survey results of radiology chief residents.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study is to summarize a survey of radiology chief residents focused on 3D printing in radiology.

Materials And Methods: An online survey was distributed to chief residents in North American radiology residencies by subgroups of the Association of University Radiologists. The survey included a subset of questions focused on the clinical use of 3D printing and perceptions of the role of 3D printing and radiology.

Cure of Disseminated Human Lymphoma with [Ac]Ac-Ofatumumab in a Preclinical Model.

Immunotherapies that target the CD20 protein expressed on most non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells have improved clinical outcomes, but relapse is common. We prepared Ac-labeled anti-CD20 ofatumumab and evaluated its in vitro characteristics and therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of disseminated human lymphoma. Ac was chelated by DOTA-ofatumumab, and radiochemical yield, purity, immunoreactivity, stability, and chelate number were determined.

Results of the 2020 Survey of the American Alliance of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology.

Rationale And Objectives: An annual survey of chief residents in accredited North American radiology programs is conducted by the American Alliance of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology (ACR). The purpose of this study is to summarize the 2020 ACR chief resident survey.

Materials And Methods: An online survey was distributed to chief residents from 194 Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-accredited radiology residencies.

Urinary Bladder Masses, Rare Subtypes, and Masslike Lesions: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Urinary bladder masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice, with 95% arising from the epithelial layer and rarer tumors arising from the lamina propria, muscularis propria, serosa, and adventitia. The extent of neoplastic invasion into these bladder layers is assessed with multimodality imaging, and the MRI-based Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System is increasingly used to aid tumor staging. Given the multiple layers and cell lineages, a diverse array of pathologic entities can arise from the urinary bladder, and distinguishing among benign, malignant, and nonneoplastic entities is not reliably feasible in most cases.

Cure of Disseminated Human Lymphoma with [Lu]Lu-Ofatumumab in a Preclinical Model.

Although immunotherapies that target CD20 on most non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cells have improved patient outcomes, current therapies are inadequate because many cases are, or become, refractory or undergo relapse. Here, we labelled the third-generation human anti-CD20 antibody ofatumumab with Lu, determined the in vitro characteristics of [Lu]Lu-ofatumumab, estimated human dosimetry, and assayed tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of disseminated NHL. CHX-A″-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-[Lu]Lu-ofatumumab was prepared.

Body MRI: Imaging Protocols, Techniques, and Lessons Learned.

Body MRI has evolved from a niche subspecialty to a standard modality in the practice of abdominal radiology. However, the practicing radiologist may feel uncomfortable interpreting body MRI studies owing to a lack of case volume and inconsistent exposure. The authors highlight teaching points and subtleties central to better acquisition and interpretation of body MRI studies.

Guide for starting or optimizing a 3D printing clinical service.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has applications in many fields and has gained substantial traction in medicine as a modality to transform two-dimensional scans into three-dimensional renderings. Patient-specific 3D printed models have direct patient care uses in surgical and procedural specialties, allowing for increased precision and accuracy in developing treatment plans and guiding surgeries. Medical applications include surgical planning, surgical guides, patient and trainee education, and implant fabrication.

Fat-only Dixon: how to use it in body MRI.

The Dixon method for fat/water separation is widely used to obtain uniform fat suppression using the water-only reconstruction. However, the fat-only reconstruction is potentially neglected in clinical practice, either not sent to the PACS or ignored upon imaging review. Fat-only Dixon provides a valuable tool for rapid screening for microscopic fat and problem-solving of lesions of interest.

Enhancing the Interpretation of Unenhanced Abdominopelvic CT.

Unenhanced abdominopelvic CT is frequently performed in patients who are critically ill or have contraindications to intravenous contrast. These cases can be challenging to interpret for the radiologist. Attention to CT physics and care in optimizing image viewing through techniques such as windowing can maximize diagnostic yield.

CT of Penetrating Abdominopelvic Trauma.

Penetrating abdominopelvic trauma usually results from abdominal cavity violation from a firearm injury or a stab wound and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality from traumatic injuries. Penetrating trauma can have subtle or complex imaging findings, posing a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. Contrast-enhanced CT is the modality of choice for evaluating penetrating injuries, with good sensitivity and specificity for solid-organ and hollow viscus injuries.

Bioluminescent Tumor Signal Is Mouse Strain and Pelt Color Dependent: Experience in a Disseminated Lymphoma Model.

Background: Many preclinical cancer studies use mice with varied phenotypes to monitor tumor treatment. We compared survival and optical imaging characteristics of strains with varied coat colors harboring luciferase-expressing disseminated lymphoma.

Results: Luciferase-expressing lymphoma cells (Raji-luc) were injected via tail vein into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and Rag2-IL2rg (R2G2) mice, and survival was tracked.

Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for the Treatment of Bleeding Following Kidney and Liver Biopsies.

The purpose of this study was to describe the technique and outcomes of percutaneous thrombin injection into the superficial aspect of actively bleeding liver and kidney biopsy tracks identified with color Doppler ultrasound with the aim of hemorrhage termination. After percutaneous thrombin injection, 15/16 (94%) patients did not require further intervention. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection into the superficial site of active bleeding is an effective technique for terminating bleeding in the immediate post-procedure period following kidney and liver biopsies and should be considered if active bleeding persists on color Doppler after ≥30 minutes of compression and observation.

Quantitative Fit Tested N95 Respirator-Alternatives Generated With CT Imaging and 3D Printing: A Response to Potential Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Rationale And Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows innovative solutions for personal protective equipment, particularly in times of crisis. Our goal was to generate an N95-alternative 3D-printed respirator that passed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-certified quantitative fit testing during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: 3D printed prototypes for N95 solutions were created based on the design of commercial N95 respirators.

A Radiology Trainee's Guide to Unique Opportunities Offered by the Radiological Society of North America.

The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) offers educational resources and career development opportunities through many opportunities for trainees. However, trainees frequently lack access to or awareness of these opportunities and requirements. The purpose of this article is to promote access to RSNA trainee opportunities by illustrating their qualifications, advantages, and characteristics.