Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on Computed Tomography Scans Reflects Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Patients with Craniosynostosis.

Introduction: Assessment for elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) helps guide interventional decision-making to treat craniosynostosis. However, non-invasive techniques for measuring ICP are limited. This study assesses whether optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) on low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans is associated with ICP in patients with craniosynostosis.

Complete Remission of an Extracranially Disseminated Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma With Everolimus: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, while chemotherapy and radiation therapy are typically used in patients with anaplasia, metastasis, or sometimes in subtotally resected cases, especially upon recurrence. Extracranial dissemination has been only rarely reported. We describe a five year old boy with the rare occurrence multiply recurrent and extracranially disseminated anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

Preoperative evaluation and surgical management of infants and toddlers with drug-resistant epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE Despite perioperative risks, epilepsy surgery represents a legitimate curative or palliative treatment approach for children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Several factors characterizing infants and toddlers with DRE create unique challenges regarding optimal evaluation and management. Epilepsy surgery within children < 3 years of age has received moderate attention in the literature, including mainly case series and retrospective studies.

Common and uncommon applications of bowel ultrasound with pathologic correlation in children.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the indications and techniques for bowel ultrasound for inflammatory bowel disease and other common and uncommon entities and describe and illustrate their imaging appearances, including endoscopic or surgical correlation.

Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful tool for the evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease and many other bowel diseases. Radiologists must become familiar with the full potential of ultrasound in the evaluation of the bowel in children because the need for alternative radiation-free imaging techniques continues to grow.

Extra-appendiceal findings in pediatric abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis.

Background: Much has been written regarding the incidence, types, importance and management of abdominal CT incidental findings in adults, but there is a paucity of literature on incidental findings in children.

Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of extra-appendiceal and incidental findings in pediatric abdominal CT performed for suspected appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of abdominal CT for suspected appendicitis in a pediatric emergency department from July 2010 to June 2012.

Foreign bodies: radiopaque compared to what?

Background: The term "radiopaque" is commonly used when discussing foreign bodies and lists of radiopaque and non-radiopaque materials are sometimes created, but radiopacity is not a binary concept. A more fundamental understanding of radiopacity is necessary for the work-up of foreign bodies.

Objective: To demonstrate that "radiopaque" is a relative term.