A Systematic Review of Advocacy Curricula in Graduate Medical Education.

Background: Professionalism standards encourage physicians to participate in public advocacy on behalf of societal health and well-being. While the number of publications of advocacy curricula for GME-level trainees has increased, there has been no formal effort to catalog them.

Objective: To systematically review the existing literature on curricula for teaching advocacy to GME-level trainees and synthesize the results to provide a resource for programs interested in developing advocacy curricula.

Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes in Patients with Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review.

Risk stratification of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is recommended, but current risk assessment tools have variable performance. Machine learning (ML) has promise to improve risk assessment. We performed a systematic review to evaluate studies utilizing ML techniques for GIB.

Non-accidental harms ('abuse') in athletes with impairment ('para athletes'): a state-of-the-art review.

Objective: Para athletes reap significant health benefits from sport but are vulnerable to non-accidental harms. Little is known about the types and impacts of non-accidental harms Para athletes face. In this literature review, we summarise current knowledge and suggest priorities for future research related to non-accidental harms in Para athletes.

Medicaid Patients Have Greater Difficulty Scheduling Health Care Appointments Compared With Private Insurance Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Medicaid patients are known to have reduced access to care compared with privately insured patients; however, quantifying this disparity with large controlled studies remains a challenge. This meta-analysis evaluates the disparity in health services accessibility of appointments between Medicaid and privately insured patients through audit studies of health care appointments and schedules. Audit studies evaluating different types of outpatient physician practices were selected.

Acute and Chronic Musculoskeletal Injury in Para Sport: A Critical Review.

Sport-related injury patterns among Para athletes have been described with increasing frequency. This review summarizes musculoskeletal injuries in Para athletes. Seated Para athletes sustain upper extremity injuries more commonly; ambulant Para athletes frequently sustain lower extremity injuries.

Single-Bone Intramedullary Nailing of Pediatric Both-Bone Forearm Fractures A Systematic Review.

Traditional operative management of unstable, pediatric both-bone forearm fractures is fixation of both ulna and radius. Literature suggests single-bone fixation with intramedullary nailing obtains good results and is less technically demanding and invasive. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of single-bone intramedullary nailing of pediatric both-bone forearm fractures.

Biomarkers for the detection of renal fibrosis and prediction of renal outcomes: a systematic review.

Background: Fibrosis is the unifying pathway leading to chronic kidney disease. Identifying biomarkers of fibrosis may help predict disease progression.

Methods: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the reliability of blood and urine biomarkers in identifying fibrosis on biopsy as well as predicting renal outcomes.

Phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnea: A definition, examples and evolution of approaches.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder and the apnea hypopnea index alone can not capture the diverse spectrum of the condition. Enhanced phenotyping can improve prognostication, patient selection for clinical trials, understanding of mechanisms, and personalized treatments. In OSA, multiple condition characteristics have been termed "phenotypes.

Histological Disease Activity as a Predictor of Clinical Relapse Among Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with improved clinical outcomes. We assessed whether histological remission predicts clinical outcomes, estimated the magnitude of effect, and determined whether histological remission provides additional prognostic utility beyond clinical or endoscopic remission.

Methods: Bibliographic databases were searched for studies in inflammatory bowel disease providing baseline histological status and relation to an outcome of clinical relapse or exacerbation.

Left ventricular thrombi after STEMI in the primary PCI era: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation following myocardial infarction (MI) has not been well characterized since the advent of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Ascertainment of the utility of prophylactic anticoagulation is hindered by the lack of reliable information on its modern incidence. We sought to provide an estimate of the rate of LV thrombus formation in patients treated with pPCI for ST segment elevation MI (STEMI) by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Patients With Renal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This study sought to determine if amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has different diagnostic and prognostic utility in patients with renal dysfunction.

Background: Patients with renal dysfunction have higher NT-proBNP, which may complicate interpretation for diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) or prognosis.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE through August 2014 for studies with a subgroup analysis by renal function of the diagnostic or prognostic ability of NT-proBNP.