Referral for investigation: a redundant SNOMED-CT chief presenting complaint.

Aim: The Ministry of Health has mandated that all emergency department (ED) presentations are coded using the Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) from 2021. The current ED reference set contains the non-specific term 'Referral for investigation' in the list of available chief presenting complaints (CPCs). The aim of this study was to determine the rate of use of this term and how often a more specific (and therefore more clinically useful) term was used.

Alterations in the Rumen Liquid-, Particle- and Epithelium-Associated Microbiota of Dairy Cows during the Transition from a Silage- and Concentrate-Based Ration to Pasture in Spring.

In spring dairy cows are often gradually transitioned from a silage- and concentrate-based ration (total mixed ration, TMR) to pasture. Rumen microbiota adaptability is a key feature of ruminant survival strategy. However, only little is known on the temporal and spatial microbial alterations involved.

Impact of the New Zealand 2011 Rugby World Cup on an urban emergency department.

Aims: The next Rugby World Cup will take place in England commencing August 2015. This paper describes the preparation and workload relating to the previous Rugby World Cup, held in New Zealand 2011, as it affected the primary receiving hospital for the main venue. This paper describes preparation arrangements and actual workload patterns to assist planners with future similar events.

Possible impacts of the invasive plant Rubus niveus on the native vegetation of the Scalesia forest in the Galapagos islands.

Originally from Asia, Rubus niveus has become one of the most widespread invasive plant species in the Galapagos Islands. It has invaded open vegetation, shrubland and forest alike. It forms dense thickets up to 4 m high, appearing to displace native vegetation, and threaten the integrity of several native communities.

Impacts of climate variability and human colonization on the vegetation of the Galápagos Islands.

A high-resolution (2-9 year sampling interval) fossil pollen record from the Galápagos Islands, which spans the last 2690 years, reveals considerable ecosystem stability. Vegetation changes associated with independently derived histories of El Niño Southern Oscillation variability provided evidence of shifts in the relative abundance of individual species rather than immigration or extinction. Droughts associated with the Medieval Climate Anomaly induced rapid ecological change that was followed by a reversion to the previous state.

Nectar traits in Nicotiana section Alatae (Solanaceae) in relation to floral traits, pollinators, and mating system.

Nicotiana section Alatae exhibits great diversity among species in floral morphology, mating system, and predominant pollinators. As a first step towards estimating nectar's role in floral evolution, we studied nectar traits to determine whether they vary in association with predominant pollinators and mating system. Daily phenology determines when nectar becomes available to pollinators and differed between hummingbird- and moth-pollinated species.