MSC Pretreatment for Improved Transplantation Viability Results in Improved Ventricular Function in Infarcted Hearts.

Many clinical studies utilizing MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, or multipotential stromal cells) are underway in multiple clinical settings; however, the ideal approach to prepare these cells in vitro and to deliver them to injury sites in vivo with maximal effectiveness remains a challenge. Here, pretreating MSCs with agents that block the apoptotic pathways were compared with untreated MSCs. The treatment effects were evaluated in the myocardial infarct setting following direct injection, and physiological parameters were examined at 4 weeks post-infarct in a rat permanent ligation model.

Mesenchymal stem cell perspective: cell biology to clinical progress.

The terms MSC and MSCs have become the preferred acronym to describe a cell and a cell population of multipotential stem/progenitor cells commonly referred to as mesenchymal stem cells, multipotential stromal cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and mesenchymal progenitor cells. The MSCs can differentiate to important lineages under defined conditions in vitro and in limited situations after implantation in vivo. MSCs were isolated and described about 30 years ago and now there are over 55,000 publications on MSCs readily available.

Concise Review: MSC-Derived Exosomes for Cell-Free Therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is undergoing extensive evaluation as a cellular therapy in human clinical trials. Because MSCs are easily isolated and amenable to culture expansion in vitro there is a natural desire to test MSCs in many diverse clinical indications. This is exemplified by the rapidly expanding literature base that includes many in vivo animal models.

Unraveling the Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Paracrine Immunomodulatory Effects.

In the last 10 years, the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in modulating inflammatory and immune responses has been characterized using both in vitro studies and in vivo models of immune disorders. Mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory properties have been linked to various paracrine factors which expression varies depending on the pathologic condition to which the MSCs are exposed. These factors may directly impact key cells of the adaptive immune system, such as T cells.

Pim-1 kinase cooperates with serum signals supporting mesenchymal stem cell propagation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently undergoing testing in several clinical settings. The propagation of MSCs from multiple species in culture is an important step in furthering our understanding of these progenitor cells. Pim-1, a proto-oncogenic serine/threonine kinase, regulates cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation.

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves regional cardiac remodeling following ovine infarction.

Progressive cardiac remodeling, including the myopathic process in the adjacent zone following myocardial infarction (MI), contributes greatly to the development of cardiac failure. Cardiomyoplasty using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes and/or repair damaged myocardium, leading to improved cardiac performance, but the therapeutic effects on cardiac remodeling are still under investigation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MSCs could improve the pathological remodeling of the adjacent myocardium abutting the infarct.

Mesenchymal stem cells from adult bone marrow.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), sometimes referred to as marrow stromal cells or multipotential stromal cells, represent a class of adult progenitor cells capable of differentiation to several mesenchymal lineages. They can be isolated from many tissues although bone marrow has been used most often. The MSCs may prove useful for repair and regeneration of a variety of mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, marrow stroma, and the cells produce useful growth factors and cytokines that may help repair additional tissues.

Dual-modality monitoring of targeted intraarterial delivery of mesenchymal stem cells after transient ischemia.

Background And Purpose: In animal models of stroke, functional improvement has been obtained after stem cell transplantation. Successful therapy depends largely on achieving a robust and targeted cell engraftment, with intraarterial (IA) injection being a potentially attractive route of administration. We assessed the suitability of laser Doppler flow (LDF) signal measurements and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for noninvasive dual monitoring of targeted IA cell delivery.

Dynamic imaging of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells trafficking to myocardial infarction.

Background: Recent results from animal studies suggest that stem cells may be able to home to sites of myocardial injury to assist in tissue regeneration. However, the histological interpretation of postmortem tissue, on which many of these studies are based, has recently been widely debated.

Methods And Results: With the use of the high sensitivity of a combined single-photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT scanner, the in vivo trafficking of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) colabeled with a radiotracer and MR contrast agent to acute myocardial infarction was dynamically determined.

Feridex labeling of mesenchymal stem cells inhibits chondrogenesis but not adipogenesis or osteogenesis.

Magnetic resonance (MR) tracking of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled cells is a relatively new technique to non-invasively determine the biodistribution and migration of transplanted stem cells. A number of studies have recently reported encouraging results in the use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for repair of a variety of tissues. For MR tracking of SPIO-labeled MSCs, it is important to determine the effect that the magnetic labeling procedure may have on the differentiation capacity of labeled MSCs.

Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in several adult tissues. Transplanted allogeneic MSCs can be detected in recipients at extended time points, indicating a lack of immune recognition and clearance. As well, a role for bone marrow-derived MSCs in reducing the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during allogeneic transplantation has recently been reported; however, the mechanisms remain to be investigated.

Mesenchymal stem cells and their potential as cardiac therapeutics.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a stem cell population present in adult tissues that can be isolated, expanded in culture, and characterized in vitro and in vivo. MSCs differentiate readily into chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteocytes, and they can support hematopoietic stem cells or embryonic stem cells in culture. Evidence suggests MSCs can also express phenotypic characteristics of endothelial, neural, smooth muscle, skeletal myoblasts, and cardiac myocyte cells.

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction.

Background: We investigated the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to track magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MR-MSCs) in a swine myocardial infarction (MI) model.

Methods And Results: Adult farm pigs (n=5) were subjected to closed-chest experimental MI. MR-MSCs (2.

Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in a swine myocardial infarct model: engraftment and functional effects.

Background: A novel therapeutic option for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether implantation of autologous MSCs results in sustained engraftment, myogenic differentiation, and improved cardiac function in a swine myocardial infarct model.

Methods: MSCs were isolated and expanded from bone marrow aspirates of 14 domestic swine.

Human mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to a cardiomyocyte phenotype in the adult murine heart.

Background: Cellular cardiomyoplasty has been proposed as an alternative strategy for augmenting the function of diseased myocardium. We investigated the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from adult bone marrow to undergo myogenic differentiation once transplanted into the adult murine myocardium.

Methods And Results: A small bone marrow aspirate was taken from the iliac crest of healthy human volunteers, and hMSCs were isolated as previously described.