Mixed Methods Study Protocol: Language Identity, Discrimination, and Mental Health among Multilingual 1.5 Generation Asian/Asian American Immigrant Young Adults.

Language identity, an understudied factor, can influence isolation and discrimination, leading to disparities in well-being and mental health among immigrants. This study aims to investigate the role of language identity on structural racism and discrimination among 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American immigrants in a diverse U.

Heart Failure Among Asian American Subpopulations.

Importance: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death in the US. The current evidence on the burdens of HF in Asian American populations, especially Asian American subgroups, is limited and inconsistent.

Objective: To assess and compare the incidence and prevalence of HF in Asian American subgroups.

Advancing Science to Prevent Firearm Violence in Communities: A Process for Harmonizing Studies to Develop Research Infrastructure.

The Community Firearm Violence Prevention Network (CFVP Network), funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), supports a network of research projects that develop and test interventions through collaborations with community partners to prevent firearm violence, injury, and mortality. The CFVP Network presents a unique opportunity to accelerate the science of preventing firearm injuries. The data harmonization workgroup of the CFVP Network led the process of aligning studies across the three unique inaugural network projects, with particular attention to how the CFVP Network could address current gaps in the science.

Assessing Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Intentions among the Brigada Digital Latino Social Media Audience: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: U.S. Latinos experienced disproportionate COVID-19 impacts in terms of morbidity and mortality.

Assessing Brigada Digital de Salud Audience Reach and Engagement: A Digital Community Health Worker Model to Address COVID-19 Misinformation in Spanish on Social Media.

U.S. Spanish-speaking populations experienced gaps in timely COVID-19 information during the pandemic and disproportionate misinformation exposure.

How providing a low-cost water filter pitcher led Latino parents to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages and increase their water intake: explanatory qualitative results from the Water Up!@Home intervention trial.

Objective: This study sought to explain results of the Water Up!@Home randomised controlled trial where low-income parents were randomised to receive an educational intervention +a low-cost water filter pitcher or only the filter. Parents in both groups had reported statistically significant reductions in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and increases in water intake post-intervention.

Design: Qualitative explanatory in-depth interviews analysed thematically and deductively.

The Adelante project: Realities, challenges and successes in addressing health disparities among central American immigrant youth.

Objective: The intervention, implemented between 2013 and 2018, addressed an important syndemic health disparity for Central American immigrant youth approaching or in high school-the co-occurrence of substance abuse, sex risk (pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, HIV), and interpersonal violence. was implemented and evaluated by the Avance Center for the Advancement of Immigrant/Refugee Health, which built on a university-community partnership that has been in place since 2005. Using a tailored, ecological positive youth development (PYD) approach, employed intervention strategies across ecological levels, including individual, family, peer, and community levels, with the use of social marketing and digital media strategies to link activities under one aspirational identity and support community engagement.

The Impact of Natural Hazards on Older Adult Health: Lessons Learned From Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico.

Objective: With natural hazards increasing in frequency and severity and global population aging, preparedness efforts must evolve to address older adults' risks in disasters. This study elucidates potential contributors to the elevated older adult mortality risk following Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico through an examination of community stakeholder preparedness, response, and recovery experiences.

Methods: In April 2018, qualitative interviews (n = 22) were conducted with stakeholders in 7 Puerto Rican municipalities.

Using a Community-Based Participatory Mixed Methods Research Approach to Develop, Evaluate, and Refine a Nutrition Intervention to Replace Sugary Drinks with Filtered Tap Water among Predominantly Central-American Immigrant Families with Infants and Toddlers: The Water Up @Home Pilot Evaluation Study.

Descriptions of the implementation of community-based participatory mixed-methods research (CBPMMR) in all phases of the engagement approach are limited. This manuscript describes the explicit integration of mixed-methods in four stages of CBPR: (1) connecting and diagnosing, (2) prescribing-implementing, (3) evaluating, and (4) disseminating and refining an intervention that aimed to motivate Latino parents (predominantly Central American in the US) of infants and toddlers to replace sugary drinks with filtered tap water. CBPMMR allowed for co-learning that led to the identification of preliminary behavioral outcomes, insights into potential mechanisms of behavior change, and revisions to the intervention design, implementation and evaluation.

Future directions of Doctor of Public Health education in the United States: a qualitative study.

Background: The Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) degree is an advanced and terminal professional degree that prepares the future workforce to engage in public health research, teaching, practice, and leadership. The purpose of the present research was to discuss the desirable future direction and optimal education strategies for the DrPH degree in the United States.

Methods: A total of 28 Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH)-accredited DrPH programs in the United States was identified through the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH) Academic Program Finder.

Analysis of CEPH-accredited DrPH programs in the United States: A mixed-methods study.

Interest has been growing in regard to increasing the public health workforce and standardizing training to ensure there are competent professionals to support rebuilding and reinforcing the public health infrastructure of the United States. The need for public health leaders was recognized as early as the hookworm control campaign during 1909-1914 when it became apparent that prevention of disease should be distinct from clinical medicine and should be conducted by professionally trained, dedicated full-time public health practitioners. In recent years, research on the public health workforce and on standardizing health workforce education has significantly expanded.

The cultural persona as nexus between structural marginalization and youth risk behavior.

Structural marginalization exerts its effects through multiple social-ecological levels down to the individual behavior of youth violence and related risks. However, there is very little research or theoretical literature documenting or specifying mechanisms, paths, and linkages across levels. This paper traces one path in which long-term structural constraints intersect with the adolescent development process via a construct called the cultural persona-a form of archetype or model that embodies the value-structure, role, and performance of violence and related risk behavior within the kinds of underground or street economies that develop and persist in high-poverty communities as an outcome of structural marginalization.

Transnational determinants of health for Central American migrants to the U.S.: Results of a qualitative study.

While some research on health determinants for immigrant/refugee populations has considered migration itself as a health determinant, much of this research employs constructs that focus on factors such as language, acculturation, norms, behaviours, beliefs, and social support, in a manner analogous to health risk factors for domestic U.S. populations.

The Effects of Protestant Christian Faith on Successful Living Transition Among South Korean Immigrants in the United States: A Qualitative Study.

Religious belief and participation may facilitate well-being and the transition to living in the United States for Korean immigrants. However, there is little known about how Korean immigrant young adults obtain social/emotional support from church involvement and benefit from spiritual networks. A qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews with 22 members of one Protestant church in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.

Recontextualizing the social norms construct as applied to health promotion.

•An increasing number of health promotion/behavior change programs focus on changing social norms.•However, in current usage, norms are typically not linked to the underlying social and cultural context (decontextualized).•The use of social norms to change health behavior could be improved if norms were understood as •Social norms may represent underlying cultural meanings and values, power configurations, or shared cultural models.

Outcomes of the Adelante community social marketing campaign for Latino youth.

The authors designed and evaluated an innovative, branded campaign called 'Adelante' to promote positive youth development (PYD) and reduce risk behaviors among Latino youth near Washington, DC. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the intervention and a comparison community to evaluate campaign exposure and changes in PYD outcomes. The sample consisted of 1549 Latino and immigrant adolescents surveyed at three time points in intervention and comparison communities.

Strategies to Increase Latino Immigrant Youth Engagement in Health Promotion Using Social Media: Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Generating participant engagement in social media applications for health promotion and disease prevention efforts is vital for their effectiveness and increases the likelihood of effecting sustainable behavior change. However, there is limited evidence regarding effective strategies for engaging Latino immigrant youth using social media. As part of the Avance Center for the Advancement of Immigrant/Refugee Health in Washington, DC, USA, we implemented Adelante, a branded primary prevention program, to address risk factors for co-occurring substance use, sexual risk, and interpersonal violence among Latino immigrant adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in a Washington, DC suburb.

"They Destroy the Reproductive System": Exploring the Belief that Modern Contraceptive Use Causes Infertility.

A common reason for nonuse of modern contraceptives is concern about side effects and health complications. This article provides a detailed characterization of the belief that modern contraceptives cause infertility, and an examination of how this belief arises and spreads, and why it is so salient. We conducted focus group discussions and key informant interviews in three rural communities along Kenya's eastern coast, and identified the following themes: (1) the belief that using modern contraception at a young age or before childbirth can make women infertile is widespread; (2) according to this belief, the most commonly used methods in the community were linked to infertility; (3) when women observe other women who cannot get pregnant after using modern contraceptives, they attribute the infertility to the use of contraception; (4) within the communities, the primary goal of marriage is childbirth and thus community approval is rigidly tied to childbearing; and, therefore (5) the social consequences of infertility are devastating.

The Mediating Effect of Adelante brand equity on Latino Immigrant Positive Youth Development Outcomes.

This paper reports on mediation analysis of effects of the Adelante brand, an innovative program for Latino immigrant adolescents and their families, and positive youth development (PYD) outcomes. Specific objectives were to increase adolescent engagement and participation in a community-based program called Adelante, based on PYD theory, which sought to reduce substance use, sexual risk taking, and interpersonal violence among Latino immigrant youth. A total of 238 parent-child dyads were recruited from a predominantly low-income Latino immigrant community and followed for an average of 22 months.

Understanding modern contraception uptake in one Ethiopian community: a case study.

Background: In the last decade, the proportion of Ethiopian women using contraceptive methods has increased substantially (from 14% in 2005 to 35% in 2016 among married women). Numerous factors have contributed to the increased uptake. An important one is the implementation of the Health Extension Program, a government-led health service delivery strategy that has deployed more than 38,000 health extension workers (HEWs) throughout the country.

Immigrant Trauma and Mental Health Outcomes Among Latino Youth.

While research has demonstrated an association between trauma and mental health, this study examined the association between trauma experienced premigration, during migration, and postmigration, and current mental health status among Latino youth aged 12-17 years old living in the US for < 3 years. Participants reported traumatic events experienced in their home country, during migration, and after settling in the US. Regression models examined trauma experienced at each stage of the migration process predicting current levels of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a community-based hygiene promotion program in a rural Salvadoran setting.

There has been considerable progress in the reduction of diarrheal disease among children under five through health and nutrition interventions. However, diarrheal disease is still the second leading cause of child death worldwide. There is growing recognition that comprehensive hygiene behavior improvements should be integral to prevention efforts, but the effectiveness of different approaches for hygiene promotion is still being established.