The energy requirements of racehorses in training.

The aim of this study was to estimate the energy requirements of Thoroughbred racehorses in active training for flat racing. Twenty-two Thoroughbred racehorses in England were measured over periods from 6 to 15 wk, which included periods of active race training and temporarily reduced training. Energy intake was determined by measuring daily feed consumption.

Utilization of Radiographic Imaging for Infant Hydronephrosis over the First 12 Months of Life.

Purpose: The workup and surveillance strategies for infant hydronephrosis (HN) vary, although this could be due to grade-dependent differences in imaging intensity. We aimed to describe the frequency of imaging studies for HN within the first year of life, stratified by initial HN grade, within a large regional healthcare system. .

The energy requirements of performance horses in training.

The aim of this study was to estimate the energy requirements of performance horses in active, variable training in the field. Sixty horses in England and Switzerland were measured over 2-wk periods and, for 15 of these, the measurement period was extended, ranging from 21 to 42 wk. Energy intake was estimated by measuring daily feed consumption.

Synergy theory for murine Harderian gland tumours after irradiation by mixtures of high-energy ionized atomic nuclei.

Experimental studies reporting murine Harderian gland (HG) tumourigenesis have been a NASA concern for many years. Studies used particle accelerators to produce beams that, on beam entry, consist of a single isotope also present in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectrum. In this paper synergy theory is described, potentially applicable to corresponding mixed-field experiments, in progress, planned, or hypothetical.

Multimodality, anatomical, and diffusion-weighted fetal imaging of a spontaneously thrombosing congenital dural sinus malformation.

We report on the conventional and diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a partially thrombosed torcular Herophili dural sinus malformation. DWI confirmed the intralesional partial thrombosis/blood clot characterized by restricted diffusion. In addition, focal or global intracerebral complications were excluded by fetal DWI.

Superior vena cava obstruction evaluation with MDCT.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the CT findings associated with superior vena cava obstruction and to illustrate collateral venous pathways bypassing the obstruction as shown on MDCT.

Conclusion: Multiple collateral venous pathways can form to bypass an obstruction of the superior vena cava. With its ability to acquire near isotropic data, MDCT allows high-quality reformations and thus exquisitely displays these venous collaterals and has the potential to aid in planning therapy to bypass the obstruction.

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an increasing cause of "mayhem in the lung".

Although long recognized as a nosocomial organism, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been noted to have an increasing incidence in both immunocompromised and otherwise healthy people in the community. Community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is genetically distinct from hospital-acquired MRSA and frequently expresses the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin, which confers an aggressive necrotizing phenotype and is accompanied by a poor prognosis. We present a case of CA-MRSA pneumonia with the aim to alert the radiologist of the radiographic manifestations of this increasingly encountered and frequently fatal disease.

Benign mechanical transport of breast epithelial cells to sentinel lymph nodes.

The evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for the presence of malignant epithelial cells is essential to the staging of breast cancer patients. Recently, increased attention has focused on the possibility that epithelial cells may reach SLNs by benign mechanical means, rather than by metastasis. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that pre-SLN biopsy breast massage, which we currently use to facilitate the localization of SLNs, might represent a mode of benign mechanical transport.

Breast cancer in patients with prior augmentation: presentation, stage, and lymphatic mapping.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether breast cancer patients who had prior breast augmentation presented at a more advanced stage than nonaugmented breast cancer patients, and to determine the mode of presentation and effectiveness of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in this same group of patients. A total of 4186 breast cancer patients from 1987 to 2002 were reviewed. Patients who had augmentation before their diagnosis of breast cancer were compared with a control group of nonaugmented breast cancer patients.

Local recurrence in lumpectomy patients after imprint cytology margin evaluation.

Background: This is a follow-up study to our previously reported data on local recurrence rates in patients whose lumpectomy margins were evaluated by intraoperative imprint cytology (IIC(M)). The purpose of this study was to compare local recurrence rates for patients whose lumpectomy margins were evaluated with IIC(M) with local recurrence rates of those not evaluated by IIC(M).

Methods: A total of 1713 patients underwent lumpectomy treatment for breast cancer from 1988 to 2001 were prospectively entered into a computerized database and subsequently included in this study.

Novel techniques in sentinel lymph node mapping and localization of nonpalpable breast lesions: the Moffitt experience.

The concept of lymphatic mapping has helped to redefine the clinical significance of lymph nodes with respect to breast cancer. The combination technique using both blue dye and radiocolloid is the most effective method of lymphatic mapping. The data in the literature support the concept that all patients undergoing lumpectomy or especially mastectomy should undergo lymphatic mapping if a diagnosis of invasive cancer is remotely possible.

Radioactive seed localization breast biopsy and lumpectomy: can specimen radiographs be eliminated?

Background: Wire localization (WL) is the current standard for surgical diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. Many disadvantages inherent to WL are solved with radioactive seed localization (RSL). This trial investigated the ability of RSL to reduce the need for specimen radiographs and operating room delays associated with WL.

Effect of 0.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging on the surgical management of breast cancer patients.

Background: This trial examines the utility of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of occult breast disease and its effect on surgical treatment.

Methods: Between October 2000 and March 2002, 76 of 1289 patients underwent bilateral breast MRI within 4 months of a mammogram. The MRI scan, mammogram, pathology reports, and physicians' notes were reviewed to determine impact of MRI on surgical treatment.

The clinical relevance of positive sentinel nodes only versus positive nonsentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in clinical outcomes for patients with histologically positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN+) compared with patients with histologically positive nonsentinel second echelon lymph nodes (NSLN+).

Methods: Eight hundred thirteen node positive patients from a prospectively accrued database of 3200 patients who underwent sentinel node mapping were evaluated. In all, 506 of the 813 patients (62%) were SLN+ only and 307 of the 813 patients (38%) were SLN+ plus at least one NSLN+.

Effect of lymphatic mapping on diagnosis and treatment of patients with T1a, T1b favorable breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of nodal metastasis in a consecutive series of patients treated at the authors' institution with highly selective criteria, and to determine the impact that lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy have on the detection of nodal metastases in this carefully selected patient population.

Methods: Study patients were selected from the 7,750 breast cancer patients entered into the authors' database from April 1989 to August 2001, based on the following criteria: nonpalpable, T1a and T1b, non-high nuclear grade tumors, without lymphovascular invasion.

Results: Of the 7,750 patients in the database 1,327 (17%) were found to have T1a and T1b lesions.

Completion axillary lymph node dissection minimizes the likelihood of false negatives for patients with invasive breast carcinoma and cytokeratin positive only sentinel lymph nodes.

Objective: To document the incidence of metastatic disease in complete axillary lymph node dissections (CALND) of patients with invasive carcinoma after a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, positive only by immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK-IHC).

Methods: Sections of all SLNs, negative by routine histology, were immunostained and examined for cytokeratin positive cells. Sections of lymph nodes from CALND specimens were interpreted using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.

Age and body mass index may increase the chance of failure in sentinel lymph node biopsy for women with breast cancer.

Age and body mass index (BMI) have been shown to correlate with an increased incidence of failure in identifying a sentinel lymph node (SLN). Mapping senior, overweight adults is common; therefore, the relationship of patient age and BMI on SLN biopsy success is essential. This study examines the mapping failures as they relate to age and BMI.