Safety of botulinum toxin injections in children less than one year old: A retrospective chart review.

Purpose: Infants can have muscle hypertonia due to cerebral palsy, muscle strength imbalances due to brachial plexus palsy, refractory clubfoot, and torticollis. These muscle problems can cause significant development impairments. A child with severe sialorrhea and dysphagia from leukodystrophy can aspirate, causing respiratory problems.

Acquired amputations in patients with spina bifida.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess if the incidence of lower extremity (LE) pressure injuries resulting in amputations was more frequent in ambulatory versus non-ambulatory patients with spina bifida.

Methods: The medical records of all patients at a large pediatric rehabilitation hospital who had spina bifida and a history of a pressure injury between 1997-2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: In this study, 112 patients with spina bifida developed LE pressure injuries, 53 patients walked with braces and/or an assistive device, and 59 patients used a wheelchair for mobility.

Use of rimabotulinum toxin for focal hypertonicity management in children with cerebral palsy with nonresponse to onabotulinum toxin.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the effect of rimabotulinum toxin (BoNT-B) for focal hypertonicity management in children with cerebral palsy and secondary nonresponse to onabotulinum toxin treated at the authors' tertiary care academic medical center.

Design: A retrospective review of the medical treatment of children was conducted at the authors' institution (March 16, 2001, to August 2, 2002) using the key words botulinum toxin B and Myobloc (Solstice Neurosciences Inc, South San Francisco, CA). Demographic information was analyzed using descriptive statistics (number [percentage] and mean [range]).

Severity of disability in patients with cerebral palsy secondary to symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus encephalopathy.

Purpose: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital encephalopathy and cerebral palsy (CP). In this study we report the severity of disability in individuals who developed CP secondary to symptomatic congenital CMV encephalopathy.

Methods: The medical records of patients with CP secondary to symptomatic congenital CMV encephalopathy diagnosed from 1995 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.

Definition and classification of hyperkinetic movements in childhood.

Hyperkinetic movements are unwanted or excess movements that are frequently seen in children with neurologic disorders. They are an important clinical finding with significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. However, the lack of agreement on standard terminology and definitions interferes with clinical treatment and research.