Use of carbonyldiimidazole as a derivatization agent for the detection of pinacolyl alcohol, a forensic marker for Soman, by EI-GC-MS and LC-HRMS in official OPCW proficiency test matrices.

Pinacolyl alcohol (PA), a key forensic marker for the nerve agent Soman (GD), is a particularly difficult analyte to detect by various analytical methods. In this work, we have explored the reaction between PA and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to yield pinacolyl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (PIC), a product that can be conveniently detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Regarding its GC-MS profile, this new carbamate derivative of PA possesses favorable chromatographic features such as a sharp peak and a longer retention time (RT = 16.

Toward Machine Learning-Driven Mass Spectrometric Identification of Trichothecenes in the Absence of Standard Reference Materials.

While a significant body of work exists on the detection of commonly known trichothecene toxins, biological, environmental, and other transformational processes can generate many under-characterized and unknown modified trichothecenes. Lacking both analytical reference standards and associated mass spectral databases, identification of these modified compounds reflects both a challenge and a critical gap from forensic and public health perspectives. We report here the application of machine learning (ML) techniques toward identification of discriminative fragment ions from mass spectrometric data that can be exploited to detect evidence of type A and B trichothecenes.

Analysis, identification and confirmation of synthetic opioids using chloroformate chemistry: Retrospective detection of fentanyl and acetylfentanyl in urine and plasma samples by EI-GC-MS and HR-LC-MS.

Electron Impact Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (EI-GC-MS) and High Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HR-LC-MS) have been used in the analysis of products arising from the trichloroethoxycarbonylation of fentanyl and acetylfentanyl in urine and plasma matrices. The method involves the initial extraction of both synthetic opioids separately from the matrices followed by detection of the unique products that arise from their reaction with 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (Troc-Cl), namely Troc-norfentanyl and Troc-noracetylfentanyl. The optimized protocol was successfully evaluated for its efficacy at detecting these species formed from fentanyl and acetylfentanyl when present at low and high levels in urine (fentanyl: 5 and 10 ng/mL and acetylfentanyl: 20 and 100 ng/mL) and plasma (fentanyl: 10 and 20 ng/mL and acetylfentanyl: 50 and 200 ng/mL), values that reflect levels reported in overdose victims.

Radiographic and Cadaveric Analysis of Minimally Invasive Bunionectomy Osteotomy Position-"MIS Bunion Sweet Spot".

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a growing technique that favors faster recovery and cosmetic results. We propose a recommended osteotomy position or "MIS Sweet Spot" to make the procedure more reproducible and lessen the learning curve to improve outcomes. A total of 211 patients from 3 surgeons between 2 different study centers were included in a retrospective radiograph measurement analysis and a cadaveric dissection to confirm the safety of nearby anatomical structures.

Structural modification of fentanyls for their retrospective identification by gas chromatographic analysis using chloroformate chemistry.

The one-step breakdown and derivatization of a panel of nine fentanyls to yield uniquely tagged products that can be detected by Electron Ionization Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (EI-GC-MS) is presented. The method involves the treatment of the synthetic opioids with 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (TrocCl) at 60 °C for 3 h in dichloromethane and furnishes two products from one fentanyl molecule that can be used to retrospectively identify the original opioid. Parameters that were studied and fully optimized for the method included temperature, solvent, nature of scavenging base and reaction time.

Sex and occupation are salient factors associated with lateral ankle sprain risk in military tactical athletes.

Objectives: To assess the risk of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) in male and female tactical athletes across different military occupations in the US military.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Methods: The Defense Medical Epidemiology Database was queried for the number of individuals with ICD-9 diagnosis codes 845.

Bilateral symptomatic Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia of the adult foot.

Pacinian hyperplasia in the human body has been rarely described in the literature with most cases reported involving the hand (Fassola et al., 2019). This hyperplasia is considered a reactive lesion as opposed to a neoplasm (Satge et al.