Examining trends in epidemic typhus using historical texts.

Background Objectives: Although associated with conflict, epidemic typhus was endemic across Europe into the modem period. The extent of the problem it caused is uncertain as record keeping in the most affected socioeconomic groups was rare. Google Ngram Viewer details the frequency of word usage in written language over time.

Age, Gender, and Disease as Determinants of Social Distancing: Germany as a Case Study.

A mix of guidance and mandated regulations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic served to reduce the number of social contacts, to ensure distancing in public spaces, and to maintain the isolation of infected individuals. Individual variation in compliance to social distancing in Germany, relating to age, gender, or the presence of pre-existing health conditions, was examined using results from a total of 39 375 respondents to a web-based behavioral survey.Older people and females were more willing to engage in social distancing.

Internet searching on the head louse in the UK since the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Wide-ranging restrictions on social and educational activities were imposed in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These likely influenced the population dynamics of the head louse. Close physical contact between human hosts is required for transmission of this ectoparasite.

Mobility and COVID-19 mortality across Scandinavia: A modeling study.

Background: In response to COVID-19, the Swedish government imposed few travel and mobility restrictions. This contrasted with its Scandinavian neighbours which implemented stringent restrictions. The influence these different approaches had on mobility, and thus on COVID-19 mortality was investigated.

The Relationship between Mobility and COVID-19 in Germany: Modeling Case Occurrence using Apple's Mobility Trends Data.

Background: Restrictions on social interaction and movement were implemented by the German government in March 2020 to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apple's "Mobility Trends" (AMT) data details levels of community mobility; it is a novel resource of potential use to epidemiologists.

Objective: The aim of the study is to use AMT data to examine the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence for Germany.

Predicting tick-borne encephalitis using Google Trends.

Data generated through public Internet searching offers a promising alternative source of information for monitoring and forecasting of infectious disease. Here future cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were predicted using traditional weekly case reports, both with and without Google Trends data (GTD). Data on the weekly number of acute, confirmed TBE cases in Germany were obtained from the Robert Koch Institute.

Antitherapeutic antibody-mediated hepatotoxicity of recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL in the cynomolgus monkey.

Apo2L/TRAIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and an important inducer of apoptosis. Recombinant human (rhu) Apo2L/TRAIL has been attractive as a potential cancer therapeutic because many types of tumor cells are sensitive to its apoptosis-inducing effects. Nonclinical toxicology studies were conducted to evaluate the safety of rhuApo2L/TRAIL for possible use in humans.

Host selection by the Louse Fly Crataerina pallida, an avian nest ectoparasite of the Common Swift Apus apus.

Preferences by parasites for particular hosts may have important implications for the functioning of host-parasite systems, however, this parasitic life-history trait remains little studied. No detrimental effect of Louse Fly Crataerina pallida parasitism has been found on Common Swift Apus apus nestling hosts. Host selection choices may be mediating the effect this parasite has and account for this apparent avirulence.

The common swift louse fly, Crataerina pallida: an ideal species for studying host-parasite interactions.

Little is known of the life-history of many parasitic species. This hinders a full understanding of host-parasitic interactions. The common swift louse fly, Crataerina pallida Latreille (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), an obligate haematophagous parasite of the Common Swift, Apus apus Linnaeus 1758, is one such species.

Temperature affects emergence of Crataerina pallida (Diptera: Hippoboscidae).

Despite knowledge of parasite biology being essential for host-parasite system functioning to be understood, the life histories of many parasites remain little studied. One example being the hippoboscid Crataerina pallida (Olivier in Latreille, 1812) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), a nest ectoparasite of the common swift, Apus apus L. (Aves: Apodidae).

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