Multi-level alignment processes in the sustainment of a youth substance use treatment model following a federal implementation initiative: A mixed method study.

Introduction: Government agencies have identified evidence-based practice (EBP) dissemination as a pathway to high-quality behavioral health care for youth. However, gaps remain about how to best sustain EBPs in treatment organizations in the U.S.

Narrative review: Revised Principles and Practice Recommendations for Adolescent Substance Use Treatment and Policy.

Objective: In 2014, the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse released the "Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment," summarizing previously established evidence and outlining principles of effective assessment, treatment, and aftercare for substance use disorders (SUD).

Comparing organization-focused and state-focused financing strategies on provider-level reach of a youth substance use treatment model: a mixed-method study.

Background: Financial barriers in substance use disorder service systems have limited the widespread adoption-i.e., provider-level reach-of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for youth substance use disorders.

A tutorial comparing different covariate balancing methods with an application evaluating the causal effects of substance use treatment programs for adolescents.

Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for measuring causal effects. However, they are often not always feasible, and causal treatment effects must be estimated from observational data. Observational studies do not allow robust conclusions about causal relationships unless statistical techniques account for the imbalance of pretreatment confounders across groups and key assumptions hold.

Substance use severity as a predictor for receiving medication for opioid use disorder among adolescents: An analysis of the 2019 TEDS.

Background: Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is vastly underutilized in adolescents. Existing treatment guidelines for OUD largely focus on adults, providing limited guidance for pediatric populations. Limited information is known about use of MOUD in adolescents based on substance use severity.

The Role of Pre-Treatment Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescent Substance Use Treatment Outcomes.

Prominent theories suggest that individuals with co-occurring traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) and substance use (SU) may be less responsive to SU treatment compared to those with SU only. However, empirical findings in adult samples are mixed, and there has been limited work among adolescents. This study assesses the association between TSS and SU treatment outcomes among trauma-exposed adolescents, using statistical methods to reduce potential confounding from important factors such as baseline SU severity.

Comparing two federal financing strategies on penetration and sustainment of the adolescent community reinforcement approach for substance use disorders: protocol for a mixed-method study.

Background: Sustained, widespread availability of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is essential to address the public health and societal impacts of adolescent substance use disorders (SUD). There remains a particularly significant need to identify effective financing strategies, which secure and direct financial resources to support the costs associated with EBP implementation and sustainment. This protocol describes a new project comparing two types of U.

Comparative effectiveness of individual versus family-based substance use treatment on adolescent self-injurious thoughts and behaviors.

Introduction: Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) are of increasing concern among adolescents, especially those who use substances. Some evidence suggests that existing evidence-based substance use treatments (EBTs) could impact not only their intended substance use targets but also SITB. However, which types of substance use treatments may have the greatest impact on youth SITB is not yet clear.

Attitudes and beliefs among Georgia addiction treatment staff about medication for opioid use disorder in adolescents, young adults, and adults: a multi-mixed methods study.

Adverse consequences, including non-fatal overdose and death, are prevalent in adolescents and young adults with opioid use disorder (OUD). Barriers toward medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) have been identified in adult populations but are poorly understood in youth. This exploratory multi-mixed methods study examines beliefs and attitudes of addiction treatment program staff about the use of MOUD in youth.

Volunteer Recovery Support for Adolescents: Using propensity score based methods to understand dosage effects within a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In a recently published randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Volunteer Recovery Support for Adolescents (VRSA), a secondary finding indicated that better adherence to planned VRSA telephone session frequency resulted in significantly higher remission rates relative to lower session adherence. However, interpretation of this dose-response relationship may have been confounded by participant characteristics such as baseline levels of substance use and mental health problems.

Methods: The present study used statistical methods designed to approximate RCTs when comparing more than two nonequivalent groups that include an assessment of the potential impact of omitted variables.

Trends and age-related disparities in opioid use disorder treatment admissions for adolescents and young adults.

Background: Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in adolescents and young adults is imperative to reduce the risk of overdose and other opioid-related harms. Limited information has been published about national trends in health disparities including utilization, access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and treatment retention of adolescents and young adults with OUD.

Methods: This secondary data analysis tested for trends and age-related disparities in national OUD treatment admissions, as well as length of stay (defined as continuous enrollment in some form of treatment at a program) and planned use of MOUD for adolescents (age 12-17) and young adults (age 18-24) using the Treatment Episode Data Set from 2008 to 2017.

Expanding outcomes when considering the relative effectiveness of two evidence-based outpatient treatment programs for adolescents.

The current study seeks to advance understanding about how to address substance use and co-occurring mental health problems in adolescents. Specifically, we compared the effectiveness of two evidence-based treatment programs (Motivational Enhancement Treatment/Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 5 Sessions [MET/CBT5] and Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach [A-CRA]) for both substance use and mental health outcomes (i.e.

Treatment Retention and Outcomes with the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach in Emerging Adults with Opioid Use.

Treatment retention and engagement of emerging adults with opioid use disorders can be particularly challenging. This study compares treatment outcomes of young adults with primary opioid use (OU) to those with primary marijuana or alcohol use (MAU), who received the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA), an evidence-based therapy for the treatment of substance use. The MAU and OU groups were comprised of an outcome sample of 419 young adults ages 18-25.

Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach implementation and treatment outcomes for youth with opioid problem use.

Background: This paper compares adolescents with primary opioid problem use (OPU) to those with primary marijuana or alcohol problem use (MAPU) who received up to six months of Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA), an empirically supported treatment.

Methods: Intake clinical characteristics, treatment implementation measures, and clinical outcomes of two substance problem groups (OPU and MAPU) were compared using data from 1712 adolescents receiving A-CRA treatment. Data were collected at intake and 3, 6, and 12 months post-intake.

Treating Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: What Is on the Menu?

Specific treatments targeting adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) have been developed over the last couple of decades. Despite these developmentally tailored treatments, long-term abstinence rates remain relatively low among adolescents receiving care. Research over the last decade has increasingly focused on adolescents with comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders, in recognition of the barriers caused by inadequate treatment of co-occurring psychiatric disorders.

The effect of therapists' adherence and competence in delivering the adolescent community reinforcement approach on client outcomes.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 31(1) of (see record 2016-59284-001). In the article, the disclosed interest for Mark D. Godley in the author note is misrepresented.

Continuing Care for Adolescents in Treatment for Substance Use Disorders.

Adolescents who enter treatment for substance use often do not complete the program and do not connect with continuing care services. Most return to some level of substance use. Our review found 10 outcome studies of continuing care treatment.

Recovery Support for Adolescents with Substance use Disorders: The Impact of Recovery Support Telephone Calls Provided by Pre-Professional Volunteers.

The present quasi-experiment examined the direct and indirect effects of recovery support telephone calls following adolescent substance use disorder treatment. Six-month outcome data from 202 adolescents who had received recovery support calls from primarily pre-professional (i.e.

The relationship between child maltreatment and substance abuse treatment outcomes among emerging adults and adolescents.

Emerging adulthood is the period of greatest risk for problematic substance use. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between a broad measure of child maltreatment and several key outcomes for a large clinical sample of emerging adults (n = 858) and adolescents (n = 2,697). The secondary aim was to examine the extent to which the relationship between child maltreatment and treatment outcomes differed between emerging adults and adolescents.

A comparison of treatment outcomes for adolescent community reinforcement approach participants with and without co-occurring problems.

This study examined the relationship between Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) participation with treatment engagement, retention, and satisfaction, and with substance use and emotional problem outcomes. Participants had substance use disorders (SUD) only or co-occurring substance use and psychiatric problems. Those with co-occurring problems reported more days of substance use and emotional problems at intake to treatment than those with SUD only.

A randomized trial of assertive continuing care and contingency management for adolescents with substance use disorders.

Objective: Most adolescents relapse within 90 days of discharge from residential substance use treatment. We hypothesized that contingency management (CM), assertive continuing care (ACC), and their combination (CM + ACC) would each be more effective than usual continuing care (UCC).

Method: Following residential treatment, 337 adolescents were randomized to 4 continuing care conditions: UCC alone, CM, ACC, or CM + ACC.

Willingness and appropriateness of peers participating in emerging adults' substance misuse treatment.

This study investigates the feasibility of adapting empirically-supported family treatments for emerging adult peer dyads. Data were collected (n=84) from emerging adults and their peers. Peers completed measures of substance use, willingness to participate in their friends' treatments, and an adapted version of the Significant Other Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), which measures concerned significant others' (CSO) responses to another's use such a punishing, supporting, or withdrawing from the user.