"Is It Removed During Dialysis?"-Cognitive Dysfunction in Advanced Kidney Failure-A Review Article.

Cognitive impairment is independently associated with kidney disease and increases in prevalence with declining kidney function. At the stage where kidney replacement therapy is required, with dialysis or transplantation, cognitive impairment is up to three times more common, and can present at a younger age. This is not a new phenomenon.

Investigating the Relationship between Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: The immediate and longer-term effects of hemodialysis on cerebral circulation, cerebral structure, and cognitive function are poorly understood.

Methods: In a prospective observational cohort study of 97 adults (median age 59 years) receiving chronic hemodialysis, we used transcranial Doppler ultrasound to measure cerebral arterial mean flow velocity (MFV) throughout dialysis. Using a well validated neuropsychological protocol, we assessed cognitive function during and off dialysis and after 12 months of treatment.

Inequality in Care and Differences in Outcome Following Stroke in People With ESRD.

Introduction: Stroke rate and mortality are greater in individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than in those without ESRD. We examined discrepancies in stroke care in ESRD patients and their influence on mortality.

Methods: This is a national record linkage cohort study of hospitalized stroke individuals from 2005 to 2013.

Risk factors and outcome of stroke in renal transplant recipients.

Stroke incidence is high in end-stage renal disease, and risk factors differ between the dialysis and general populations. However, risk factors and outcomes following renal transplantation remain unclear. We analyzed all adult patients with a functioning renal transplant from 01/01/2007 to 12/31/2012.

Serum phosphate and social deprivation independently predict all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Hyperphosphataemia is linked to cardiovascular disease and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Outcome in CKD is also affected by socioeconomic status. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between serum phosphate, multiple deprivation and outcome in CKD patients.

Risk Factors of Ischemic Stroke and Subsequent Outcome in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis.

Background And Purpose: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis carries up to a 10-fold greater risk of stroke than normal renal function. Knowledge on risk factors and management strategies derived from the general population may not be applicable to those with ESRD. We studied a large ESRD population to identify risk factors and outcomes for stroke.