Effect of Rotation on Scaffold Motion and Cell Growth in Rotating Bioreactors.

Efficient use of different bioreactor designs to improve cell growth in three-dimensional scaffolds requires an understanding of their mechanism of action. To address this for rotating wall vessel bioreactors, fluid and scaffold motion were investigated experimentally at different rotation speeds and vessel fill volumes. Low cost bioreactors with single and dual axis rotation were developed to investigate the effect of these systems on human osteoblast proliferation in free floating and constrained collagen-glycosaminoglycan porous scaffolds.

Accelerated turnover of MHC class II molecules in nonobese diabetic mice is developmentally and environmentally regulated in vivo and dispensable for autoimmunity.

The H2-A(g7) (A(g7)) MHC class II (MHCII) allele is required for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice. A(g7) not only has a unique peptide-binding profile, it was reported to exhibit biochemical defects, including accelerated protein turnover. Such defects were proposed to impair Ag presentation and, thus, self-tolerance.