Additives and preservatives: Role in food allergy.

Food additives are natural or synthetic substances added to foods at any stage of production to enhance flavor, texture, appearance, preservation, safety, or other qualities. Common categories include preservatives and antimicrobials, colorings and dyes, flavorings, antioxidants, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. Natural substances rather than synthetics are more likely to cause hypersensitivity.

The multifactorial impact of receiving a hereditary angioedema diagnosis.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, chronic, debilitating genetic disorder characterized by recurrent, unpredictable, and potentially life-threatening episodes of swelling that typically affect the extremities, face, abdomen, genitals, and larynx. The most frequent cause of HAE is a mutation in the () gene, which either leads to deficient plasma levels of the C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) protein (type I HAE-C1-INH) or normal plasma levels of dysfunctional C1-INH protein (type II HAE-C1-INH). Mutations in are known to be associated with dysregulation of the kallikrein-bradykinin cascade leading to enhancement of bradykinin production and increased vascular permeability.

Symptomatic Primary Selective Immunoglobulin M Deficiency with Nonprotective Pneumococcal Titers Responsive to Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Treatment.

Selective immunoglobulin M deficiency (SIgMD) is a rare disorder with varying clinical features. The prevalence of SIgMD is 0.03-3%.

Systemic reactions to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy and the response to epinephrine.

The use of epinephrine for anaphylaxis to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is the standard of care, but its use for mild systemic reactions (SRs) is somewhat controversial. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of SR to SCIT, the symptoms reported, and the response to intramuscular (i.m.

Toll-like receptor 7-induced naive human B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production.

Background: Toll-like receptors contribute to the establishment of adaptive immune responses.

Objective: The reported studies were conducted to examine the effects of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 ligand, resiquimod, on human naive B-cell differentiation.

Methods: Naive human B cells were cultured with resiquimod in the presence or absence of IL-2 and IL-10.