How Does Pruning Impact Long-Tailed Multi-label Medical Image Classifiers?

Pruning has emerged as a powerful technique for compressing deep neural networks, reducing memory usage and inference time without significantly affecting overall performance. However, the nuanced ways in which pruning impacts model behavior are not well understood, particularly for , datasets commonly found in clinical settings. This knowledge gap could have dangerous implications when deploying a pruned model for diagnosis, where unexpected model behavior could impact patient well-being.

How Does Pruning Impact Long-Tailed Multi-Label Medical Image Classifiers?

Pruning has emerged as a powerful technique for compressing deep neural networks, reducing memory usage and inference time without significantly affecting overall performance. However, the nuanced ways in which pruning impacts model behavior are not well understood, particularly for , datasets commonly found in clinical settings. This knowledge gap could have dangerous implications when deploying a pruned model for diagnosis, where unexpected model behavior could impact patient well-being.

Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Improves Radiologist Performance in Skeletal Age Assessment: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Previous studies suggest that use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms as diagnostic aids may improve the quality of skeletal age assessment, though these studies lack evidence from clinical practice. Purpose To compare the accuracy and interpretation time of skeletal age assessment on hand radiograph examinations with and without the use of an AI algorithm as a diagnostic aid. Materials and Methods In this prospective randomized controlled trial, the accuracy of skeletal age assessment on hand radiograph examinations was performed with ( = 792) and without ( = 739) the AI algorithm as a diagnostic aid.

The Use of Sunitinib as Maintenance Therapy in a Pediatric Patient With a Poorly Differentiated Thymic Carcinoma.

Background: Thymic carcinomas are rare aggressive mediastinal tumors with a median survival of 2 years.

Observation: We present a pediatric patient who was diagnosed with metastatic thymic carcinoma and showed continuous improvement of his primary mass and lung metastases with a regimen of cisplatin/docetaxel followed by long-term maintenance therapy with sunitinib for over 5 years.

Conclusions: This report demonstrates a long-term positive treatment effect using chemotherapy followed by sunitinib in an advanced thymic carcinoma.

Osteomyelitis in an Unusual Location With an Atypical Presentation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature of Scapular Osteomyelitis in Pediatric Patients.

Bacterial osteomyelitis of the scapula is rare in pediatric patients. When it occurs, it usually affects young infants and patients often exhibit fever and functional limitation of the extremity. We present a case of a 12-year-old boy with subacute bacterial scapular osteomyelitis and a normal physical examination.

Preserving Radiology Resident Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Simulated Daily Readout.

Rationale And Objectives: The educational value of the daily resident readout, a vital component of resident training, has been markedly diminished due to a significant decrease in imaging volume and case mix diversity. The goal of this study was to create a "simulated" daily readout (SDR) to restore the educational value of the daily readout.

Materials And Methods: To create the SDR the following tasks were performed; selection of cases for a daily worklist for each resident rotation, comprising a combination of normal and abnormal cases; determination of the correct number of cases and the appropriate mix of imaging modalities for each worklist; development of an "educational" environment consisting of separate "instances" of both our Picture Archive Communication System and reporting systems; and the anonymization of all of the cases on the worklists.

Visualization of the normal appendix in children: feasibility of a single contrast-enhanced radial gradient recalled echo MRI sequence.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment for appendicitis is limited by exam time and patient cooperation. The radially sampled 3-dimensional (3-D) T1-weighted, gradient recalled echo sequence (radial GRE) is a free-breathing, motion robust sequence that may be useful in evaluating appendicitis in children.

Objective: To compare the rate of detection of the normal appendix with contrast-enhanced radial GRE versus contrast-enhanced 3-D GRE and a multi-sequence study including contrast-enhanced radial GRE.

Adaptive bulk motion exclusion for improved robustness of abdominal magnetic resonance imaging.

Non-Cartesian magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have shown great promise for abdominal examination during free breathing, but break down in the presence of bulk patient motion (i.e. voluntary or involuntary patient movement resulting in translation, rotation or elastic deformations of the body).

Kidney volume and ambulatory blood pressure in children.

Low nephron number has been shown to be a risk factor for hypertension (HTN) in adulthood. Kidney volume may serve as a surrogate marker for nephron mass. The relationship between kidney volume and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in the pediatric population is not known.

Pediatric Malignant Bone Tumors: A Review and Update on Current Challenges, and Emerging Drug Targets.

Osteosarcoma (OS) and the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are the most common malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents. While significant improvements in survival have been seen in other pediatric malignancies the treatment and prognosis for pediatric bone tumors has remained unchanged for the past 3 decades. This review and update of pediatric malignant bone tumors will provide a general overview of osteosarcoma and the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, discuss bone tumor genomics, current challenges, and emerging drug targets.

The effective use of acai juice, blueberry juice and pineapple juice as negative contrast agents for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in children.

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is commonly performed in the evaluation of known or suspected pancreaticobiliary disease in children. The administration of a negative oral contrast agent can improve the quality of the examination without significant additional cost. We describe our experience with certain brands of acai juice, blueberry juice and pineapple juice as negative oral contrast agents in children.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric kidney: benign and malignant masses.

The differential diagnosis of renal masses in pediatric patients includes benign and malignant tumors, as well as nonneoplastic mass-like lesions mimicking tumors. Although the spectrum of renal masses in children has some overlap with that of adults, it is important to understand the renal pathologic processes specific to the pediatric population, as well as their characteristic imaging appearances and clinical presentations. This article reviews benign and malignant renal masses in children, with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical features that are specific to each lesion type.

Characterization of fast and slow diffusion from diffusion-weighted MRI of pediatric Crohn's disease.

Purpose: To characterize fast and slow diffusion components in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Overall diffusivity reduction as measured by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in patients with CD has been previously demonstrated. However, the ADC reduction may be due to changes in either fast or slow diffusion components.