Toxicity risk from hip implant CoCrMo particles: The impact of dynamic flow rate on neuronal cells in microfluidic systems.

In patients with total hip replacements (THRs), wear products in the form of nanoparticles and ions are released, especially around implant failure. In this study, we use N2a cells, a neuroblastoma cell line, to evaluate the effects of different flow rates on neuronal toxicity amidst exposure to CoCrMo particles. We hypothesized that increasing flow rates would increase N2a cell viability and decrease N2a cell-degradation products (DPs) toxicity.

Investigation of cell-accelerated corrosion (CAC) on the CoCrMo alloy with segregation banding: Hip implant applications.

Metal alloy microstructure plays a crucial role in corrosion associated with total hip replacement (THR). THR is a prominent strategy that uses metal implants such as cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys due to their advantageous biological and mechanical properties. Despite all benefits, these implants undergo corrosion and wear processes in-vivo in a synergistic manner called tribocorrosion.

Hip implant modular junction: The role of CoCrMo alloy microstructure on fretting-corrosion.

Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy is one of the most used metals in total hip replacement (THR) due to the alloy's superior corrosion qualities and biocompatibility. Over time these prostheses may undergo wear and corrosion processes in a synergistic process known as tribocorrosion. Implant retrieval studies have shown that damage patterns on THR modular junction surfaces indicating specifically in vivo fretting-corrosion to take place.

Systemic toxicity eliciting metal ion levels from metallic implants and orthopedic devices - A mini review.

The metal/metal alloy-based implants and prostheses are in use for over a century, and the rejections, revisions, and metal particle-based toxicities were reported concurrently. Complications developed due to metal ions, metal debris, and organo-metallic particles in orthopedic patients have been a growing concern in recent years. It was reported that local and systemic toxicity caused by such released products from the implants is one of the major reasons for implant rejection and revision.

The role of fretting-frequency on the damage modes of THR modular junction: In-vitro study.

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, currently, more than 250,000 total hip replacements annually in the US alone, with an estimated increase to 500,000 by the year 2030. The usage of tapered junctions between the femoral neck and head gives the surgeon flexibility in implant assembly. However, these modular junctions are subjected to micro-motion that may cause chemical and fretting-corrosion at the modular junction.

Non-invasive early detection of failure modes in total hip replacements (THR) via acoustic emission (AE).

Total hip replacements (THR) are becoming an common orthopedic surgucal procedure in the United States (332 K/year in 2017) to relieve pain and improve the mobility of those that are affected by osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or injury. However, complications like tribocorrosion, or material degradation due to friction and corrosion, may result in THR failure. Unfortunately, few strategies to non-invasively diagnose early-stage complications are reported in literature, leading to implant complications being detected after irreversible damage.

Wear particles induce a new macrophage phenotype with the potential to accelerate material corrosion within total hip replacement interfaces.

Evidence that macrophages can play a role in accelerating corrosion in CoCrMo alloy in total hip replacement (THR) interfaces leads to questions regarding the underlying cellular mechanisms and immunological responses. Hence, we evaluated the role of macrophages in corrosion processes using the cell culture supernatant from different conditions and the effect of wear particles on macrophage dynamics. Monocytes were exposed to CoCrMo wear particles and their effect on macrophage differentiation was investigated by comparisons with M1 and M2 macrophage differentiation.

Differential toxicity of processed and non-processed states of CoCrMo degradation products generated from a hip simulator on neural cells.

Physico-chemical characteristics of the CoCrMo degradation products have played an important role in cytotoxicity and clinical complications on the orthopedic patients who have metal implants. Previous studies have limited reflection on the physicochemical characteristics of the degradation products generated in vivo, which are very different from individual metal particles and/or ions obtained from different commercial sources. In this study, we aimed to understand the differences in toxicity induced by the degradation products in as-synthesized form as well as those obtained after post-processing.

Systemic and local toxicity of metal debris released from hip prostheses: A review of experimental approaches.

Despite the technological improvements in orthopedic joint replacement implants, wear and corrosion products associated with the metal components of these implants may result in adverse local tissue and perhaps systemic reactions and toxicities. The current review encompasses a literature review of the local and systemic toxicity studies concerning the effect of CoCrMo wear debris released from wear and corrosion of orthopedic implants and prostheses. Release of metallic debris is mainly in the form of micro- and nano-particles, ions of different valences, and oxides composed of Co and Cr.

Comparison of metal ion levels in patients with hip resurfacing versus total hip arthroplasty.

Mechanical wear at the articular surface and corrosive processes at modular junctions, such as the trunnion, are responsible for metal ions production. We retrospectively reviewed 64 patients who underwent THA with a metal on metal bearing surface and 34 patients with hip Resurfacing. Metal ion measurements, six-week post-op radiographs, and functional scores were included in the analysis.