Technology and structure of nursing organizations.

Theory building and theory application in nursing administration enable the nurse executive to work more effectively at the managerial task. Alexander and Mark apply a model that allows for comparison and contrast between various nursing units based on the nature of their work as assessed on the variables of technology and structure. In this model, technology is assessed on three dimensions: instability, variability, and uncertainty; and structure is assessed as to vertical participation, horizontal participation, and formalization.

Knowledge and skills for nurse administrators.

How should nurse administrators be educated for practice in today's complex environment? Mark, Turner, and Englebardt provide a thoughtful perspective on that question. The authors analyze the educational needs of two levels: the nurse executive and the nurse manager, and they look at all aspects of an effective graduate program for both career choices.

[Surgical treatment of impotence caused by venous dysfunction].

The authors examined 94 patients suffering from sexual impotence. On the basis of the history, erection induced with papaverine and the results of Doppler's operation as well as dynamic cavernosography of the penis venous excape was found in the background of impotence of 14 patients. Operation was performed with 13 patients in the course of which the draining vein depicted by cavernosography was ligated.

Longitudinal and vertical ultrastructural lesion of crural muscle in post-thrombotic syndrome.

The vertical and longitudinal ultrastructural changes of the crural muscle (triceps surae) were studied in a selected patient material of 18 patients suffering from post-thrombotic syndrome. The transmission and scanning electron microscopic method helped in revealing that the damage had affected the contractile system, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and in addition marked degenerative phenomena occurred. It was shown that vertically the impairments of the fine structure were localized in foci and involved the muscle layers to the same extent.

Vein valve transplantation segmental transposition: a case report.

A patient with chronic venous insufficiency of the right lower extremity caused by total valve incompetence was operated. A 2.5 cm long segment of basilic vein with intact valve was transplanted as an 'interpositum' into the popliteal vein.

Density analysis of scintigram with flow dynamics at bolus radionuclide venography: count correction with velocity.

The authors analyse the difference in the density of dynamic scintigrams produced in radionuclide venography. The difference in density is always connected with the velocity of the radionuclide flow. The lost activity is found after multiplying the count difference calculated from the time activity curve by velocity.

Surgical treatment of impotence due to venous outflow.

Coital impotence was studied in 94 patients. In 14 of them the history, as well as the papaverine-induced erection, penile Doppler test and dynamic cavernosography suggested venous outflow as a basic process. In 13 who underwent surgery, the draining vein visualized by dynamic cavernosography was tied down.

Testing minimal transit time in the venous system of the lower limbs using dynamic radionuclide venography.

The Authors used a test of venous occlusion applied during plethysmography in performing radionuclide venography. The minimal transit time of maximal venous outflow was tested in the subinguinal region using 99mTc-DTPA. Significant differences could be observed in compensated and non-compensated cases of occlusion of the iliac vein and chronic venous insufficiency caused by primary varicosity if compared to the controls.

Task and structural correlates of organizational effectiveness in private psychiatric hospitals.

This exploration of the relationships between task and structural variables and two dimensions of organizational effectiveness in 76 private psychiatric hospitals revealed that high levels of centralization were associated with patient care effectiveness. High levels of centralization and formalization were associated with administrative effectiveness. An enhancing effect of organizational structure is suggested as contributing to organizational effectiveness.

Ultrastructural damage of crural muscle in post-thrombotic syndrome.

The fine structure of crural muscles in 11 patients suffering from post-thrombotic syndrome was investigated. The contractile elements and the mitochondria were mainly involved in the pathological changes. Glycogen granules in increased number and strong lipid vacuolization were shown.

[Our modifications of urethrocystography].

The modifications of urethrocystography developed by the authors aimed at reducing possible damages but securing a good diagnostic value of the method. They made it possible by applying only one instead of the originally applied six catheterizations. Previously used barium sulphate is now replaced by urographin which is less damaging to the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder.

[Multivariable EDV-program for light and electron microscopic morphometry].

A computer program for morphometry and stereology in which conventional morphometric and stereological data acquisition (direct linear measurement, point counting technique) is used and which is designed for variable application of conventional and electron microscopy is presented. There are several program variants and magnification stages each designed for a different structural level. There is fixed number of essential subcellular, cellular and extracellular structures for different kinds of tissue (myocardial, liver and connective tissue), but this number can be enlarged with each stage of magnification and for each measured parameter by reserving free places for evaluating additional structures.

The development of an internship program in psychiatric nursing.

As medicine and nursing have become increasingly specialized, the need for additional training for the graduate nurse has become more evident. One way in which nursing educators have dealth with this problem is through the establishment of general nursing internship programs. The authors review some of the historical background for the development of these programs and describe the establishment of an 8-week specialized nursing internship program in psychiatric nursing.