Is Canadian federal legislation effective in preventing youth access to vaping initiation products? A study using secret shoppers and online access in three Alberta cities.

The (Canada, 1997) (the "") aims to protect the health of young persons by restricting access to vaping products. We studied whether the achieves this goal by sending young 'secret shoppers' to 120 shops in Calgary, Edmonton, and Red Deer to attempt to buy nicotine-based vaping-initiation products, and by asking minors to purchase the same product online. We used three 'improper' shop scenarios: 1.

Adequate Vitamin D Intake but Low Serum Levels in Pediatric Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study, Alberta Children's Hospital.

. We assessed vitamin D intakes and serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in pediatric asthma patients on moderate-to-high dose inhaled steroids and compared them to published findings of healthy children in our city. .

Primary Care Pathway for Childhood Asthma: Protocol for a Randomized Cluster-Controlled Trial.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children. For many, the disease is inadequately controlled, which can burden the lives of children and their families as well as the health care system. Improved use of the best available scientific evidence by primary care practitioners could reduce the need for hospital care and improve quality of life and asthma control, thereby reducing overall costs to society and families.

Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in infancy.

The authors report a case involving a child with chronic respiratory symptoms, who did not respond to conventional treatment. Low serum immunoglobin levels and pathological findings on lung biopsy revealed an unusual diagnosis for his age group. A specific treatment led to clinical improvement.

An 11-year-old male patient with refractory asthma and heartburn.

Achalasia is characterized by obstruction of the distal esophagus and subsequent dilation of the proximal esophagus, and is considered to be a rare disorder in children. Patients commonly present with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as dysphagia; however, pulmonary symptoms may also occur. Rare pulmonary symptoms due to achalasia are dyspnea and wheeze due to tracheal compression.

Pediatric asthma controller therapy.

The treatment of children with asthma has historically relied upon expert opinion using data extrapolated from adult studies. Over the past few years, landmark studies have been completed providing healthcare professionals with evidence on which a reasonable approach can be made for children suffering from this common and serious disease. Asthmatic phenotype in children, unlike adults, tends to differ according to age, which must be taken into account as well as triggers, severity, and level of control.

Rituximab (B-cell depleting antibody) associated lung injury (RALI): a pediatric case and systematic review of the literature.

Introduction: Pulmonary toxicity of delayed onset is a rare complication of B-lymphocyte depleting antibody therapy and has been almost exclusively reported in older patients with B-cell malignancies.

Aims: To describe a pediatric patient with rituximab-associated lung injury (RALI), to systematically analyze previous reports of pulmonary complications, and to summarize common clinico-pathological features, treatment, and outcome.

Results: A teenage boy with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) presented with progressive dyspnea, fever, hypoxemia and fatigue 18 days after the completion of a second course of rituximab infusions for calcineurin inhibitor-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

The effect of tracheal occlusion on lung branching in the rat nitrofen CDH model.

Background: Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) has been investigated as a treatment option for lung hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). TO increases lung size, but it is unclear whether TO stimulates mature lung growth or simply induces alveolarization without concomitant bronchial development. In this study, we characterize bronchial branch development in fetal rats with CDH with or without TO through conventional histological and morphometric analysis as well as lung casting.

Type 1 pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 3-year-old male with a cystic lung mass.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare and aggressive intrathoracic malignant tumor that can be associated with cystic lung lesions in children. This neoplasm is histologically characterized by primitive blastoma and a malignant mesenchymal stroma. The authors describe a 3-year-old boy who presented with a history of fever and cough.

Cystic fibrosis on the Internet: a survey of site adherence to AMA guidelines.

Objectives: The Internet permits unprecedented and mostly unrestricted access to medical knowledge; however, concerns exist regarding viewer privacy, accountability of authorship, accuracy of information, and patient safety. To address these issues, the American Medical Association (AMA) has developed guidelines concerning web site content and visitor rights. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetically inherited lethal disease in North America.

Retinoic acid decreases fetal lung mesenchymal cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro.

Retinoic acid (RA) is an important coordinator of mammalian organogenesis. RA is implicated in critical lung developmental events. Cell proliferation is precisely regulated during development.

Expression of Netrin-1 and its two receptors DCC and UNC5H2 in the developing mouse lung.

The ligand Netrin-1 and its receptors DCC and UNC5H2 are critical for the regulation of neuronal migration in nervous system development. Here we demonstrate expression of these molecules in lung development. The mRNA expression profiles of Netrin-1, DCC and UNC5H2 are developmentally regulated during embryonic mouse lung formation.

Slit and robo: expression patterns in lung development.

First described as an axonal guidance cue through its repulsive effect on neurons expressing its receptor Roundabout (Robo), the Slit ligand has effects on cell migration, axon branching and elongation. Indirect evidence implicates Slit and Robo in lung development. We now demonstrate that Slit-2 and Slit-3 are developmentally regulated in embryonic murine lung.