Multidisciplinary standardized protocol decreases time to antibiotic administration for open fractures.

Purpose: Wound complications after open fracture are common, including superficial and deep infections. Many factors may contribute to outcomes after open fracture, including comorbidities, injury location and characteristics, timing and quality of surgical debridement, and soft tissue coverage. Early prophylactic antibiotic administration is one of the few modifiable factors demonstrated to reduce infection rates.

Delay to Surgical Treatment in Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients.

Background: Hip fractures in the geriatric population are frequently encountered. There is increasing focus on minimizing the delay to surgery in these patients. This study was designed to evaluate factors responsible for a delay to surgery in a geriatric hip fracture population and how time to surgery affects mortality.

Computed Tomography Measured Psoas Cross Sectional Area Is Associated With Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for osteoporosis screening and diagnosis. However, abdominal conventional computed tomography (CT) scan is widely available and multiple studies validated its use as a screening tool for osteoporosis compared to DEXA. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of measuring core muscle size at the L3-L4 intervertebral disk space and estimate the relationship between core muscle size and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA.

Data-driven RRAM device models using Kriging interpolation.

A two-tier Kriging interpolation approach is proposed to model jump tables for resistive switches. Originally developed for mining and geostatistics, its locality of the calculation makes this approach particularly powerful for modeling electronic devices with complex behavior landscape and switching noise, like RRAM. In this paper, a first Kriging model is used to model and predict the mean in the signal, followed up by a second Kriging step used to model the standard deviation of the switching noise.

Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells contributes to metabolic osteoarthritis through subchondral bone remodeling.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) subsequent to acute joint injury accounts for a significant proportion of all arthropathies. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitor cells classically known for potent immune-suppressive activity; however, MDSCs can also differentiate into osteoclasts. In addition, this population is known to be expanded during metabolic disease.

Nonresonant Transmission Line Probe for Sensitive Interferometric Electron Spin Resonance Detection.

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy measures paramagnetic free radicals, or electron spins, in a variety of biological, chemical, and physical systems. Detection of diverse paramagnetic species is important in applications ranging from quantum computation to biomedical research. Countless efforts have been made to improve the sensitivity of ESR detection.

Slow- and rapid-scan frequency-swept electrically detected magnetic resonance of MOSFETs with a non-resonant microwave probe within a semiconductor wafer-probing station.

We report on a novel electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique that merges electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) with a conventional semiconductor wafer probing station. This union, which we refer to as wafer-level EDMR (WL-EDMR), allows EDMR measurements to be performed on an unaltered, fully processed semiconductor wafer. Our measurements replace the conventional EPR microwave cavity or resonator with a very small non-resonant near-field microwave probe.

Decreased Lean Psoas Cross-Sectional Area Is Associated With Increased 1-Year All-Cause Mortality in Male Elderly Orthopaedic Trauma Patients.

Objectives: To investigate the association between lean psoas cross-sectional area (CSA) and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly patients sustaining pelvic and long bone fractures.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Weight bearing cone beam CT scan versus gravity stress radiography for analysis of supination external rotation injuries of the ankle.

For AO 44-B2 ankle fractures of uncertain stability, the current diagnostic standard is to obtain a gravity stress radiograph, but some have advocated for the use of weight-bearing radiographs. The primary aim was to compare measures of medial clear space (MCS) on weight-bearing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans versus gravity stress radiographs for determining the state of stability of ankle fractures classified as AO SER 44-B2 or Weber B. The secondary aim was to evaluate the details offered by CBCT scans with respect to other findings that may be relevant to patient care.

Wafer-Level Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance: Magnetic Resonance in a Probing Station.

We report on a novel semiconductor reliability technique that incorporates an electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) spectrometer within a conventional semiconductor wafer probing station. EDMR is an ultrasensitive electron paramagnetic resonance technique with the capability to provide detailed physical and chemical information about reliability limiting defects in semiconductor devices. EDMR measurements have generally required a complex apparatus, not typically found in solid-state electronics laboratories.

Tibial Tubercle Fracture After Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft.

Fractures occurring with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are rare and those that do occur take place on the patellar side of a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft. Here we discuss a far more infrequent occurrence, fracture of the tibial tubercle aspect of the BPTB autograft. This fracture type occurs even more infrequently than tibial plateau fractures after ACL reconstruction based on the published literature.

Vectorized magnetometer for space applications using electrical readout of atomic scale defects in silicon carbide.

Magnetometers are essential for scientific investigation of planetary bodies and are therefore ubiquitous on missions in space. Fluxgate and optically pumped atomic gas based magnetometers are typically flown because of their proven performance, reliability, and ability to adhere to the strict requirements associated with space missions. However, their complexity, size, and cost prevent their applicability in smaller missions involving cubesats.

Geographic variation in fasciotomy during operative management of tibia fractures.

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of acute or impending compartment syndrome (ACS) remains a clinical challenge. ACS is a clinical diagnosis, and may be associated with variation in its definition, as well as individual threshold for fasciotomy. We examined regional and state variation in rates of lower extremity fasciotomy associated with operatively managed tibia fractures.

Incidence and Injury Types in Motorcycle Collisions Involving Deer in Western New York.

Motorcycle popularity, urban sprawl, and large deer populations result in a significant number of deer-motorcycle collisions. This retrospective review of a level I trauma center in Buffalo, New York, revealed that 40 of 487 (8.2%) of patients admitted because of motorcycle crashes from May 2007 through June 2011 involved deer.

Donor site morbidity with reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) use for autogenous bone graft harvesting in a single centre 204 case series.

Donor site morbidity and complication rate using the reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) system for intramedullary, non-structural autogenous bone graft harvesting were investigated in a retrospective chart and radiographic review at a University affiliated Level-1 Trauma Centre. 204 RIA procedures in 184 patients were performed between 1/1/2007 and 12/31/2010. RIA-indication was bone graft harvesting in 201 (98.

Ceramic-on-ceramic failure secondary to head-neck taper mismatch.

We report a case of catastrophic failure of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty without precipitating event or trauma. The patient was a 64-year-old woman who had degenerative osteoarthritis and underwent the index primary total hip arthroplasty 3 years earlier. Intraoperative findings included an intact ceramic femoral head, a slightly damaged ceramic liner insert, diffuse metallosis, and excessive wear of the trunnion of the stem.

Femoral nerve block for diaphyseal and distal femoral fractures in the emergency department. Surgical technique.

Background: Diaphyseal and distal femoral fractures are painful injuries that are frequently seen in patients requiring a trauma work-up in the hospital emergency department prior to definitive management. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a femoral nerve block administered in the emergency department could provide better pain relief for patients with femoral fractures than currently used pain management practices.

Methods: Patients who presented with an acute diaphyseal or distal femoral fracture were identified as potential candidates for this study.

Using the quick couple drill attachment as an intraoperative metal file.

The occasional need to alter or modify plate length during surgery is familiar to most orthopedic surgeons. However, at the modification site, sharp edges may remain. Files or rasps are often used to smooth these edges to prevent local tissue irritation and injury to surgical personnel.

F-18 fluoride positron emission tomography of the hip for osteonecrosis.

Osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head continues to be a devastating disorder for young patients. We evaluated the F-18 fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modality for use in detection of the bone involved in ON of the hip. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 60 consecutive patients diagnosed with ON and interviewed all by phone.

Femoral nerve block for diaphyseal and distal femoral fractures in the emergency department.

Background: Diaphyseal and distal femoral fractures are painful injuries that are frequently seen in patients requiring a trauma work-up in the hospital emergency department prior to definitive management. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a femoral nerve block administered in the emergency department could provide better pain relief for patients with femoral fractures than currently used pain management practices.

Methods: Patients who presented with an acute diaphyseal or distal femoral fracture were identified as potential candidates for this study.

Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antibodies in 10-year-old children before and after a booster dose of three toxoids: implications for the timing of a booster dose.

Unlabelled: In an open study, 502 10-year-old children, who had received primary vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus in infancy and had varying histories of pertussis disease and vaccination, were vaccinated with diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (DT) alone or with the addition of 20 microg or 40 microg of pertussis toxoid. Diphtheria toxin neutralising antibodies, pertussis toxin IgG and tetanus toxoid IgG antibodies were measured before and 1 month after the booster. All toxoids were highly immunogenic.