Bayesian penalized likelihood PET reconstruction impact on quantitative metrics in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Evaluate the quantitative, subjective (Deauville score [DS]) and reader agreement differences between standard ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) and Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction methods. A retrospective review of 104 F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) exams among 52 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. An unblinded radiologist moderator reviewed both BPL and OSEM PET/CT exams.

Safety and Efficacy of CT-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Suspicious Subcentimeter Pelvic and Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes Detected by C-Choline PET in Patients With Prostate Cancer.

In patients with prostate cancer, PET using targeted radiotracers can identify increased activity in small morphologically normal lymph nodes, facilitating earlier detection of metastatic disease. The purpose of this article was to assess the efficacy and safety of CT-guided biopsy of suspicious pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes measuring smaller than 1 cm detected by C-choline PET in patients with prostate cancer, with comparison with nodes measuring 1 cm or larger. This retrospective study included patients with prostate cancer who underwent CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of suspicious pelvic or retroperitoneal lymph nodes detected by C-choline PET/CT or PET/MRI (performed because of a rising or elevated PSA level or known recurrent or metastatic disease) between June 1, 2012, and March 20, 2020.

Phase II Evaluation of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) and Immunity in C-Choline-PET/CT-Identified Oligometastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Outcomes for resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are poor. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) induces antitumor immunity in clinical and preclinical studies, but immunologic biomarkers are lacking.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-nine patients with oligometastatic CRPC were identified by C-Choline-PET (Choline-PET) from August 2016 to December 2019 and treated with SABR.

Atypical Metastases in the Abdomen and Pelvis From Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: C-Choline PET/CT With Multimodality Correlation.

PET with targeted radiotracers has become integral to mapping the location and burden of recurrent disease in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa). PET with C-choline is part of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Association of Urology guidelines for evaluation of BCR. With advances in PET technology, increasing use of targeted radiotracers, and improved survival of patients with BCR because of novel therapeutics, atypical sites of metastases are being increasingly encountered, challenging the conventional view that prostate cancer rarely metastasizes beyond bones or lymph nodes.

Repeat Sentinel Lymph Node Surgery in Recurrent Breast Cancer: Peritumoral vs. Periareolar Injections.

Background: In the setting of recurrent cancer, there is no standard methodology regarding the technical aspects of repeat sentinel lymph node (rSLN) surgery. We analyzed our institutional experience with attempted rSLN surgery to determine the optimal injection technique.

Materials And Methods: Single site, retrospective review of patients with prior lumpectomy for breast cancer who presented with recurrent or new ipsilateral breast cancer and underwent attempt at rSLN surgery from 2008 to 2017.

FDG PET/CT and MRI Features of Pathologically Proven Schwannomas.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the MRI and FDG PET/CT imaging features of pathologically proven schwannomas.

Patients And Methods: This institutional review board-approved retrospective study examined biopsy-proven schwannomas that underwent FDG PET/CT and/or MRI at our institution between January 1, 2002, and April 1, 2018. PET/CT features analyzed included SUVmax, metabolic ratios, volumetric metabolic measures, presence of calcification, and pattern of FDG activity.

C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography for detection of disease relapse in patients with history of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and prostate-specific antigen ≤0.1 ng/ml.

Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of surveillance C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of disease relapse in patients with a history of biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer (PCa) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤0.1 ng/ml.

Materials And Methods: We included patients who had been treated for BCR PCa and had a surveillance C-choline PET/CT at serum PSA ≤0.

Percutaneous Image-Guided Nodal Biopsy After 11C-Choline PET/CT for Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Imaging Predictors of Disease and Clinical Implications.

Purpose: Management of recurrent prostate cancer necessitates timely diagnosis and accurate localization of the sites of recurrent disease. The purpose of this study was to assess predictors of histologic outcomes after 11C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CholPET) to increase the positive predictive value and specificity of CholPET in identifying imaging predictors of malignant and benign nodal disease to better inform clinical decision making regarding local therapy planning.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of patients undergoing CholPET followed by percutaneous core needle biopsy between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2016.

Multimodal Imaging Aids in the Diagnosis of Perineural Spread of Prostate Cancer.

Background: The perineural spread of prostate cancer into pelvic peripheral nerves is a rare, but increasingly recognized, entity. This form of metastasis invades the lumbosacral plexus via the splanchnic nerves innervating the prostate. The prevalence of perineural spread is likely underappreciated, and further imaging-based studies are needed to elucidate its true frequency.

Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET imaging of meningioma and other intracranial tumors.

Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors. Diagnosis by MRI is generally straightforward, but lack of imaging specificity can present a diagnostic dilemma, particularly in patients with cancer. We report our experience with meningioma identification on Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET/CT.

Diagnostic performance of unenhanced computed tomography and F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in indeterminate adrenal tumours.

Objective: Evidence on the diagnostic performance of adrenal imaging is limited. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) and F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging in a high-risk population for adrenal malignancy using an optimal reference standard.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Patterns of Recurrence After Postprostatectomy Fossa Radiation Therapy Identified by C-11 Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate C-11 choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CholPET) in staging and determining patterns of recurrence in prostate cancer patients with rising prostate-specific antigen levels after prostatectomy radiation therapy (RT).

Methods And Materials: The study includes patients with biochemical failure after postprostatectomy RT who underwent CholPET between 2008 and 2015. Patient and disease characteristics were examined in relation to sites of recurrence.

Identification of Site-specific Recurrence Following Primary Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Using C-11 Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: A Nomogram for Predicting Extrapelvic Disease.

Background: Management of recurrent prostate cancer (CaP) after radiotherapy (RT) is dependent on accurate localization of the site of recurrent disease.

Objective: To describe the anatomic patterns and clinical features associated with CaP recurrence following RT identified on advanced imaging.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective review of 184 patients with a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after RT for CaP.

Utility of F-FDG PET for Predicting Histopathologic Response in Esophageal Carcinoma following Chemoradiation.

Introduction: For patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by surgical resection, complete histopathologic response (pCR) is associated with favorable overall survival (OS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) response to neoadjuvant CRT and pCR.

Methods: Maximum standardized uptake values and standardized uptake ratios (SURs) were measured before and after CRT.

Procedural and clinical outcomes of percutaneous adrenal biopsy in a high-risk population for adrenal malignancy.

Objective: The role of percutaneous adrenal biopsy in a high-risk population for adrenal malignancy has not been fully investigated. Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation leading to the adrenal biopsy and evaluate the diagnostic performance, complications and non diagnostic rate of adrenal biopsy.

Design: Single-centre, retrospective cohort study.

Evaluation of (18)F-FDG PET and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Objective: To compare 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI for differentiating benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNSTs and MPNSTs) and correlate imaging characteristics with histopathology.

Materials And Methods: Patients with pathologically proven PNSTs undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. PET/CTs and, if available, MRIs were analyzed, noting multiple imaging characteristics and likely pathology (benign or malignant).

Comparison of facet joint activity on 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT with facet joint signal change on MRI with fat suppression.

Purpose: We compared signal change on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fat suppression and bone scan activity of lumbar facet joints to determine if these two imaging findings are correlated.

Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent imaging of the lumbar spine for pain evaluation using both technetium-99m methylene disphosphonate single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT) and MRI with at least one fat-suppressed T2- or T1-weighted sequence with gadolinium enhancement within a 180-day interval, at our institution between 1 January 2008 and 19 February 2013. Facet joint activity on 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and peri-facet signal change on MRI were rated as normal or increased.

BRAF Inhibitor-Induced Panniculitis: Appearance on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib have become the standard of care for treatment of stage IV metastatic melanoma harboring a BRAF mutation. Panniculitis is a rare but known adverse side effect of these agents and presents with tender erythematous nodules. These nodules may demonstrate uptake on F-FDG PET/CT, which may mimic metastatic disease in patients undergoing treatment.

Detection of recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: comparison of 11C-choline PET/CT with pelvic multiparametric MR imaging with endorectal coil.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to compare (11)C-choline PET/CT with pelvic multiparametric MR imaging for detection of recurrent prostate carcinoma in patients with suspected recurrence after radical prostatectomy and to identify an optimal imaging method to restage these patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-institution study of 115 prostatectomy patients with suspected tumor recurrence who underwent both (11)C-choline PET/CT and multiparametric MR imaging with endorectal coil. The reference standard included histopathology, treatment change, and imaging follow-up for determination of locally recurrent tumor, lymph node (LN) metastases, and skeletal metastases.

Update on positron emission tomography for imaging of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy among men in the Western world, and continues to be a major health problem. Imaging has recently become more important in the clinical management of prostate cancer patients, including diagnosis, staging, choice of optimal treatment strategy, treatment follow up and restaging. Positron emission tomography, a functional and molecular imaging technique, has opened a new field in clinical oncological imaging.

Individualized kV selection and tube current reduction in excretory phase computed tomography urography: potential for radiation dose reduction and the contribution of iterative reconstruction to image quality.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze radiation dose reduction and image quality by combining automated kV selection, tube current reduction, and iterative reconstruction.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the excretory phase of 55 patients with 2 computed tomography urography examinations: automated kV selection with tube current reduction ("low-dose protocol": with filtered back projection vs iterative reconstruction) and routine dose examinations. Image quality was analyzed blindly and in side-by-side analyses, in addition to quantitative measurements.

Perineural spread of cervical cancer to the sciatic nerve.

In this report we present a patient with a recent diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma with progressive left lower extremity pain and weakness. MR imaging of the pelvis and subsequent FDG CT/PET were complementary in demonstrating abnormalities worrisome for perineural spread of malignancy, which was confirmed with an open fascicular biopsy of the sciatic nerve. We review the imaging and propose a mechanism of perineural spread to the sciatic nerve, which we believe is supported by the imaging in this case.

Choline PET/CT for imaging prostate cancer: an update.

Whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [(11)C]- and [(18)F]-labeled choline derivates has emerged as a promising molecular imaging modality for the evaluation of prostate cancer. (11)C- and (18)F-choline PET/CT are used successfully for restaging prostate cancer in patients with biochemical recurrence of disease after definitive therapy, especially when the serum prostate-specific antigen level is >1.0 ng/mL.