Association between decentering and reductions in relapse/recurrence in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression in adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: "Decentering" is defined as the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary, objective events in the mind (Safran & Segal, 1990), and is increasingly regarded as a candidate mechanism in mindfulness-based interventions. The present study sought to examine the role of decentering, and other related variables, in the efficacy of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) as compared to two active comparison conditions.

Method: Formerly depressed individuals (N = 227), randomly assigned to MBCT (n = 74), relaxation group therapy (RGT; n = 77) or Treatment as usual (TAU; n = 76), completed self-report measures of decentering and symptoms of depression at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment, and relapse was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, posttreatment.

An Open Trial of the Effectiveness, Program Usage, and User Experience of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Mixed Anxiety and Depression for Healthcare Workers on Disability Leave.

Objective: An open trial of an internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) program for healthcare workers was conducted.

Methods: Healthcare workers on disability leave who used the iCBT program were assessed on: self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21; and, program usage. Healthcare workers' experience of using iCBT was evaluated in a separate survey.

Bridging the practitioner-scientist gap in group psychotherapy research.

Bridging the practitioner-scientist gap requires a different clinical research paradigm: participatory research that encourages community agency-academic partnerships. In this context, clinicians help define priorities, determine the type of evidence that will have an impact on their practice (affecting the methods that are used to produce the evidence), and develop strategies for translating, implementing, and disseminating their findings into evidence-based practice. Within this paradigm, different roles are assumed by the partners, and sometimes these roles are blended.

A survey of Canadian group psychotherapy association members' perceptions of psychotherapy research.

The present study reports on the findings of a Canadian survey of group therapists. The survey was conducted to solicit their perspectives of psychotherapy research. The goal of the survey was to identify topics and issues that were important to group therapists.

Predictors of nonresponse to cognitive behavioural therapy or venlafaxine using glucose metabolism in major depressive disorder.

Background: Longitudinal neuroimaging investigations of antidepressant treatment offer the opportunity to identify potential baseline biomarkers associated with poor outcome.

Methods: To explore the neural correlates of nonresponse to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or venlafaxine (VEN), we compared pretreatment (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography scans of participants with major depressive disorder responding to either 16 weeks of CBT (n = 7) or VEN treatment (n = 9) with treatment nonresponders (n = 8).

Results: Nonresponders to CBT or VEN, in contrast to responders, exhibited pretreatment hypermetabolism at the interface of the pregenual and subgenual cingulate cortices.

The efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of emotional distress after acquired brain injury.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), adapted to meet the unique needs of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI), and modified for both group and telephone delivery.

Design: Matched-controlled trial, with multiple measurements across participants, including pretreatment baseline assessment plus posttreatment and 1-month follow-up.

Setting: Outpatient community brain injury center.

Neurophysiological evidence of cognitive inhibition anomalies in persons with major depressive disorder.

Objective: The neural correlates of inhibitory deficits for emotional semantic material in persons with major depressive disorder (MDD) were investigated.

Methods: Individuals (n=15) with a diagnosis of MDD or MDD in partial remission, and healthy controls (n=14) underwent recording of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) while performing a computerized emotional Stroop task.

Results: There were no group performance differences on the emotional Stroop task.

New developments in psychosocial interventions for adults with unipolar depression.

Purpose Of Review: Depression treatment guidelines typically recommend cognitive behavioral therapy and/or interpersonal therapy for the acute treatment of mild-moderate depression. However, several new developments support an expanded role for psychotherapy in depression treatment. This article summarizes recent psychotherapy efficacy studies across the depression treatment continuum and the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in community settings.

Inhibitory deficits for negative information in persons with major depressive disorder.

Background: Within Beck's cognitive model of depression, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which activated self-schemas result in the production of negative thoughts. Recent research has demonstrated that inhibitory dysfunction is present in depression, and this deficit is likely valence-specific. However, whether valence-specific inhibitory deficits are associated with increased negative cognition and whether such deficits are specific to depression per se remains unexamined.

The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: development and validation.

In this study, the authors both developed and validated a self-report mindfulness measure, the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). In Study 1, participants were individuals with and without meditation experience. Results showed good internal consistency and two factors, Curiosity and Decentering.

Integrating mindfulness meditation with cognitive and behavioural therapies: the challenge of combining acceptance- and change-based strategies.

Recent innovations in psychological treatments have integrated mindfulness meditation techniques with traditional cognitive and behavioural therapies, challenging traditional cognitive and behavioural therapists to integrate acceptance- and change-based strategies. This article details how 2 treatments, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and dialectical behaviour therapy, have met this challenge. We review the integration rationale underlying the 2 treatments, how the treatments combine strategies from each modality to accomplish treatment goals, implications for therapist training, and treatment effectiveness.

Design and feasibility of a new cognitive-behavioural therapy course using a longitudinal interactive format.

Objective: This report describes the design and feasibility of conducting a unique longitudinal supervision course incorporating both therapist and patient evaluation measures in teaching cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) to a group of mental health practitioners.

Method: We designed a 10-session longitudinal supervision course to teach CBT by applying key continuing medical education (CME) principles. Each session consisted of 30 minutes of didactics and demonstrations followed by 90 minutes of group case supervision.