Intrapyloric botulinum injection increases postoperative esophagectomy complications.

Background: Intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection has emerged as a possible alternative to standard pyloric drainage procedures. Possible advantages include decreased operative time and less postoperative dumping and bile reflux symptoms. However, data are lacking to show its effectiveness versus standard drainage procedures.

Time to completion of nipple reconstruction: what factors are involved?

Background: Nipple reconstruction is often used as a marker for completion of the breast reconstructive process. The purpose of this study was to determine the average time to nipple reconstruction and the factors that influence this process.

Methods: All patients who underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction at Emory University between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed.