Evidence that investors penalize female founders for lack of industry fit.

Are female founding CEOs penalized when raising funds for their ventures based on industry served? Across an observational study conducted on ventures seeking funding ( = 392) and an experimental study conducted on investors allocating venture funding ( = 130), we find evidence for a "lack of fit" effect: Female-led ventures catering to male-dominated industries receive significantly less funding at significantly lower valuations than female-led ventures catering to female-dominated industries. In contrast, male-led ventures attain similar funding and valuation outcomes regardless of the gender dominance of the industries to which they cater. We confirm that this is because investors perceive lower degrees of fit between founding CEO and venture for female-led ventures catering to male- as opposed to female-dominated industries (with no perceived fit differences for male-led ventures across industries).

Asymmetric issue evolution in the American gun rights debate.

Issue Evolution is a rare form of voter realignment where a single issue drives massive partisan shifts. These types of realignment occurred regarding race relations in post-war America, and regarding reproductive rights beginning in the mid-1980s. The current American gun rights debate meets the requisite conditions for issue evolution: longevity, salience, and ease of acquisition.

Evidence of Query Theory as a Tool to Assist Restrained Eaters.

Objectives: Using theories from decision-making and behavioral economics, we conducted a study to improve understanding of the decisions of Restrained Eaters. We identified Restrained Eaters via the Revised Restraint Questionnaire.

Methods: One hundred two (N = 102) participants were each randomly assigned to an endowment condition and asked to list their thoughts about 2 products.