Allergen homologs in the Euroglyphus maynei draft genome.

Euroglyphus maynei is a house dust mite commonly found in homes worldwide and is the source of allergens that sensitize and induce allergic reactions in humans. It is the source of species-specific allergens as well as allergens that are cross-reactive with the allergens from house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, and the ectoparasitic scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei.

A review of Sarcoptes scabiei: past, present and future.

The disease scabies is one of the earliest diseases of humans for which the cause was known. It is caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, that burrows in the epidermis of the skin of humans and many other mammals. This mite was previously known as Acarus scabiei DeGeer, 1778 before the genus Sarcoptes was established (Latreille 1802) and it became S.

Identification of antigenic Sarcoptes scabiei proteins for use in a diagnostic test and of non-antigenic proteins that may be immunomodulatory.

Background: Scabies, caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, infects millions of humans, and many wild and domestic mammals. Scabies mites burrow in the lower stratum corneum of the epidermis of the skin and are the source of substances that are antigenic or modulate aspects of the protective response of the host. Ordinary scabies is a difficult disease to diagnose.

Sarcoptes scabiei: genomics to proteomics to biology.

Background: The common scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei is a cosmopolitan parasite of humans and other mammals. An annotated genome of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis has been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and VectorBase and a proteomic analysis of proteins in extracts of mite bodies and eggs from this strain has been reported.

A Proteomic Analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae).

The pruritic skin disease scabies is caused by the burrowing of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer). It is difficult to diagnose this disease because its symptoms often resemble those of other skin diseases. No reliable blood or molecular diagnostic test is available.

Draft genome of the scabies mite.

Background: The disease scabies, caused by the ectoparasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, causes significant morbidity in humans and other mammals worldwide. However, there is limited data available regarding the molecular basis of host specificity and host-parasite interactions. Therefore, we sought to produce a draft genome for S.

The Potential for a Blood Test for Scabies.

Background: Scabies afflicts millions of people worldwide, but it is very difficult to diagnose by the usual skin scrape test, and a presumptive diagnosis is often made based on clinical signs such as rash and intense itch. A sensitive and specific blood test to detect scabies would allow a physician to quickly make a correct diagnosis.

Objective: Our objective was to profile the mite-specific antibodies present in the sera of patients with ordinary scabies.

Population Growth and Allergen Content of Cultured Euroglyphus maynei House Dust Mites.

Background: The house dust mite, Euroglyphus maynei, occurs in homes worldwide and is an important source of many allergens. Many patients sensitive to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus are also sensitive to E.

Reproductive biology of Euroglyphus maynei with comparisons to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus.

The reproductive biology of the house dust mite, Euroglyphus maynei, is not well studied. This mite is usually less common in homes than Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus.

Sarcoptes scabiei mites modulate gene expression in human skin equivalents.

The ectoparasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei that burrows in the epidermis of mammalian skin has a long co-evolution with its hosts. Phenotypic studies show that the mites have the ability to modulate cytokine secretion and expression of cell adhesion molecules in cells of the skin and other cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems that may assist the mites to survive in the skin. The purpose of this study was to identify genes in keratinocytes and fibroblasts in human skin equivalents (HSEs) that changed expression in response to the burrowing of live scabies mites.

Proteins and endotoxin in house dust mite extracts modulate cytokine secretion and gene expression by dermal fibroblasts.

House dust mite extracts used for diagnostic tests and immunotherapy contain bioreactive molecules including proteins and endotoxin. These extracts can influence the cytokine secretion and adhesion molecule expression by cells in the skin and lung airways. The aim of this study was to determine the role of proteins and endotoxin in mite extracts in modulating gene expression and cytokine secretion by human dermal fibroblasts.

Effect of stored product mite extracts on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells.

Stored product mites commonly occur in agricultural work environments and sometimes in homes in significant numbers. They are a source of allergens that sensitize and induce allergic reactions. This may include atopic dermatitis.

Population growth and allergen accumulation of Dermatophagoides farinae cultured at 20 and 25 °C.

House dust mites are cultured to obtain mite allergen material to produce allergen extracts (vaccines) for diagnostic tests, immunotherapy, and research purposes. Research laboratories and manufacturers have their own culturing protocols to grow these mites and these may vary between manufacturers and between research laboratories. The temperature at which mites are cultured may influence the allergen composition, allergen ratio of Der 1: Der 2 and endotoxin levels in the extracts produced from these cultured mites.

Diet influences growth rates and allergen and endotoxin contents of cultured Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus house dust mites.

Background: The house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are cultured to obtain material for the production of allergen extracts for research, diagnostic and immunotherapeutic purposes.

Methods: We cultured mites on two different diets that supported thriving populations and determined the population growth rates, dynamics of allergen accumulation, and endotoxin concentrations in extracts made from mites harvested from the cultures.

Results: D.

Immunomodulation of skin cytokine secretion by house dust mite extracts.

Background: Skin contact with house dust mites may contribute to atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases. We sought to determine if molecules from house dust mites could influence the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts grown in a human skin equivalent (HSE) model.

Methods: HSEs consisting of an epidermis of keratinocytes with stratum corneum over a dermis of fibroblasts in a collagen matrix were challenged with Dermatophagoides farinae, D.

Response of human skin equivalents to Sarcoptes scabiei.

Studies have shown that molecules in an extract made from bodies of the ectoparasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei De Geer, modulate cytokine secretion from cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In vivo, in the parasitized skin, these cells interact with each other by contact and cytokine mediators and with the matrix in which they reside. Therefore, these cell types may function differently together than they do separately.

Population growth and allergen accumulation of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus cultured at 20 and 25 °C.

The house dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae are cultured commercially and in research laboratories and material is harvested from these cultures to make extracts that are used for diagnosis, immunotherapy and research. Temperature and other climatic conditions can influence population growth rates, dynamics of allergen production, and the associated endotoxin, enzyme and protein levels of the mite material harvested from these cultures.

Increased transcription of Glutathione S-transferases in acaricide exposed scabies mites.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mites collected from scabies endemic communities in northern Australia show increasing tolerance to 5% permethrin and oral ivermectin. Previous findings have implicated detoxification pathways in developing resistance to these acaricides.

Extracts of Sarcoptes scabiei De Geer downmodulate secretion of IL-8 by skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts and of GM-CSF by fibroblasts in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines.

Previous in vitro studies showed that molecules in an extract of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei variety canis De Geer could modulate the secretion of cytokines from cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in the absence of proinflammatory cytokines in the cell culture media. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether scabies extract could also modulate cytokine and chemokine secretion from epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines that are likely present in the scabietic lesion in vivo. In particular, could the downmodulating properties of this ectoparasitic mite on skin cells be maintained in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines? We found that even in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-beta, and a mixture of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha + IL-17, scabies extract still downregulated the levels of IL-8 secretion from keratinocytes and fibroblasts and of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion from fibroblasts that were induced by stimulation of the cells with proinflammatory cytokines alone.

Modulation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells by Sarcoptes scabiei in combination with proinflammatory cytokines, histamine, and lipid-derived biologic mediators.

The ectoparasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, produces molecules that depress initiation of host inflammatory and immune responses. Some of these down-regulate expression of adhesion molecules or secretion of chemokines or cytokines on and by cultured dermal endothelial cells (HMVEC-D). This study was undertaken to determine if the response of HMVEC-D to scabies is altered in the presence of various proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukins 1alpha, 1beta and 6), histamine, and lipid-derived mediators (prostaglandins D2 and E2, leukotriene B4, platelet activation factor) that likely occur in scabietic lesions in vivo.

House dust mite extracts activate cultured human dermal endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and secrete cytokines.

The human skin contacts molecules from house dust mites that are ubiquitous in many environments. These mite-derived molecules may penetrate the skin epidermis and dermis and contact microvascular endothelial cells and influence their function. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of normal human dermal microvascular endothelial cells to extracts of the dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae, D.

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp.

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA.

In vivo evidence that Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) is the source of molecules that modulate splenic gene expression.

The clinical signs of a Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) (Acari: Sarcoptidae) infestation are initially delayed, which suggests that the mites can depress the immune/inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulatory properties of scabies mites in vivo at the gene expression level in a secondary lymphoid organ that is involved in initiating an immune response to the parasite. We found that substances from scabies mites influenced the expression of mRNA for molecules that participate in the sequestering of lymphocytes in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath, primary follicle, and marginal zone of the spleen.