Publications by authors named "Marjorie L McCullough"
Objective: Our objective was to investigate the associations of sleep duration and weekend catch-up sleep with cancer risk among US adults in the Cancer Prevention Study-3.
Methods: Cancer Prevention Study-3 is a prospective cohort of approximately 250,000 US adults aged 30-65years. At baseline (2006-2013), participants were asked to report their average daily sleep duration over the past year for weekdays and weekends separately.
Background: The Overall Plant-based Diet Index (PDI), the Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), and the Unhealthful Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI) are relatively new tools for characterizing the quality of plant-based dietary patterns in epidemiologic studies. Reproducibility and validity of these indices have not been assessed across populations.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in a racially and ethnically diverse population.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to explore the relationship between non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) consumption and diet quality, using data from the American Cancer Society's cancer prevention study with over 163,000 participants.
- - Results showed that consumers of NNS generally had lower diet quality compared to non-consumers, as indicated by decreases in both the ACS diet score and the Healthy Eating Index scores with increased NNS intake.
- - Additionally, the likelihood of having a low diet quality increased with higher NNS consumption, indicating that those who consumed 2 or more servings of NNS daily had significantly higher odds of poor diet quality.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the link between oral microbiota (bacteria and fungi) and the risk of developing head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), focusing on prospective data rather than past studies.
- Conducted among participants from three large cohorts, 236 HNSCC cases were compared to 485 controls matched on various demographic factors over an average follow-up of 5.1 years.
- While overall microbiome diversity did not correlate with HNSCC risk, the researchers identified 13 specific oral bacterial species that significantly differed between the cases and controls, suggesting a potential biological marker for cancer risk.
Background: Longer overnight fasting (ONF) is a potential strategy for weight control. Although promising, the evidence from large population-based studies is limited.
Objectives: To examine the association of self-reported ONF duration with 3- and 6-y weight change in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3 prospective cohort.
In 2018, the authors reported estimates of the number and proportion of cancers attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in 2014 in the United States. These data are useful for advocating for and informing cancer prevention and control. Herein, based on up-to-date relative risk and cancer occurrence data, the authors estimated the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and deaths, overall and for 30 cancer types among adults who were aged 30 years and older in 2019 in the United States, that were attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study investigates how genetic variants affect the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer, utilizing data from a sizable European ancestry population.
- - Researchers identified a new relevant genomic region (10p11.22) linked to pancreatic cancer risk and a specific SNP (rs7898449) that suggests this association is influenced by heavy alcohol consumption.
- - The findings highlight the potential role of the neuropilin 1 gene in pancreatic cancer development, offering new insights into cancer risk factors, especially among heavy drinkers.
Article Synopsis
- A study examined how high sugar beverages (HSB) affect the oral microbiome, focusing on changes in dental plaque composition among 989 individuals from two U.S. cohorts.
- Results showed that individuals consuming more than three servings of HSB per week had lower bacterial diversity and a different microbial profile compared to non-consumers, indicating a possible link to oral health risks.
- Specific bacteria groups were impacted; some beneficial bacteria decreased while acid-producing bacteria increased in high HSB consumers, highlighting the potential for high sugar intake to disrupt oral microbial balance.
Background: The mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced breast carcinogenesis are not fully understood but may involve hormonal changes.
Methods: Cross-sectional associations were investigated between self-reported alcohol intake and serum or plasma concentrations of estradiol, estrone, progesterone (in premenopausal women only), testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in 45 431 premenopausal and 173 476 postmenopausal women. Multivariable linear regression was performed separately for UK Biobank, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, and Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, and meta-analyzed the results.
Background: Evidence of an association between dietary fiber intake and risk of advanced and aggressive forms of prostate cancer (PC) and PC mortality is limited.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations between intakes of dietary fiber overall and by food source and risk of advanced and aggressive forms of PC.
Design: The study design was a pooled analysis of the primary data from 15 cohorts in 3 continents.
Article Synopsis
- * Analyzed data from 48 studies across ten large cohorts, discovering significant associations between high GI food consumption and increased risks for several chronic diseases.
- * Found that higher GI foods increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes-related cancers, with statistical significance in their relative risk estimates.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed data from over 1 million women across various regions to explore the relationship between reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
- Findings indicated that certain factors, such as younger age at menarche and menopause, use of hormone therapy, and previous surgeries like hysterectomy, were associated with an increased risk of DTC, while long-term oral contraceptive use and being post-menopausal were linked to a lower risk.
- The researchers caution that the associations identified are relatively weak and recommend further studies to clarify the effects of sex steroid hormones on DTC risk.
Background: The mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced breast carcinogenesis are not fully understood but may involve hormonal changes.
Methods: We investigated cross-sectional associations between self-reported alcohol intake and serum or plasma concentrations of oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone (in pre-menopausal women only), testosterone, androstenedione, DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) and SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) in 45 431 pre-menopausal and 173 476 post-menopausal women. We performed multivariable linear regression separately for UK Biobank, EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) and EHBCCG (Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group), and meta-analysed the results.
Accessibility of healthy food is an important predictor for several health outcomes, but its association with life expectancy is unclear. We evaluated the association between U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic Susceptibility to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: Mendelian Randomization.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated whether genetic predisposition to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases the risk of pancreatic cancer using Mendelian randomization methods.
- Data from multiple genome-wide association studies involving thousands of individuals were analyzed, using various statistical methods to predict the genetic heritability of NAFLD.
- Results showed no association between genetically predicted NAFLD and pancreatic cancer risk, suggesting that any observed links might instead stem from related metabolic issues like obesity or diabetes.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to identify new genetic variants that increase the risk of bladder cancer using data from 32 studies involving 13,790 patients and 343,502 control subjects of European descent.
- Researchers discovered multiple novel susceptibility loci and enhanced signals in known regions, achieving a total of 24 significant markers linked to bladder cancer risk.
- The findings indicate that the risk is further influenced by factors such as sex and smoking status, with a polygenic risk score showing a significant difference in lifetime risk for bladder cancer based on genetic predisposition.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated how habitual consumption of whole grains, refined grains, fiber, and gluten affects the gut microbiome in 779 participants, using stool samples and dietary assessments.* -
- Results indicated that higher whole grain intake is linked to a more diverse gut microbiome, with specific beneficial bacteria being more abundant, while refined grains and gluten consumption is associated with lower microbial diversity.* -
- These findings suggest that eating whole grains and fiber could reduce colorectal cancer risk, but more research is needed on the impact of refined grains and gluten on gut health.*
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in restrictive measures that caused disruptions in behaviors that may have long-term consequences on diet, health, and chronic disease risk. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal changes in diet quality from before to during the pandemic among 2335 adult participants (816 males and 1519 females; aged 36-78) of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 cohort. We compared dietary screeners conducted in 2018 and 2020 and calculated a diet quality score, which assigned higher points for recommended foods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: An average American consumes 3 meals weekly from fast-food or full-service restaurants, which contain more calories, fat, sodium, and cholesterol than meals prepared at home.
Objectives: This study examined whether consistent and changing fast-food or full-service consumption was associated with weight change over a 3-y period.
Methods: Among 98,589 US adults from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3, self-reported weight and fast-food and full-service consumption from 2015 and 2018 were examined using a multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis to assess the association of consistent and changing consumption on 3-y weight change.
Self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for many cancers, suggesting its pathology relates to carcinogenesis. We conducted a case-cohort study to examine associations of hemoglobin A (HbA) and c-peptide with cancers associated with self-reported T2DM. This study was drawn from a prospective cohort of 32,383 women and men who provided blood specimens at baseline: c-peptide and HbA were assessed in 3,000 randomly selected participants who were cancer-free-at-baseline and an additional 2,281 participants who were cancer-free-at-baseline and subsequently diagnosed with incident colorectal, liver, pancreatic, female breast, endometrial, ovarian, bladder, or kidney cancers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Breast cancer incidence rates have not declined despite an improvement in risk prediction and the identification of modifiable risk factors, suggesting the need to identify novel risk factors and etiological pathways involved in this cancer. Metabolomics has emerged as a promising tool to find circulating metabolites associated with breast cancer risk.
Methods: Untargeted metabolomic analysis was done on prediagnostic plasma samples from a case-cohort study of 1695 incident breast cancer cases and a 1983 women subcohort drawn from Cancer Prevention Study 3.
Laboratory and animal research support a protective role for vitamin D in breast carcinogenesis, but epidemiologic studies have been inconclusive. To examine comprehensively the relationship of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] to subsequent breast cancer incidence, we harmonized and pooled participant-level data from 10 U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study investigates the links between diet, specifically carbohydrate intake and glycemic index (GI), and the oral microbiome in 834 non-diabetic individuals.
- - Results showed that higher carbohydrate intake correlated with increased diversity in oral bacteria and greater abundance of certain bacterial classes, while higher GI was linked to more Gemella bacteria.
- - Overall, this research suggests that diets rich in carbohydrates and with high GI may significantly affect the composition of the oral microbiome, which is associated with chronic diseases.