Anthropometric measures: poor predictors of body fat in children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy.

Aim: This purpose of our study was to assess and compare anthropometric measures of adiposity and direct measurement of percentage body fat by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We also compared our results in children with CP with results from a national sample of typically developing children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Method: Anthropometry and DXA were obtained from 58 participants with CP (25 females, 33 males; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III-V; mean age 13 y 1 mo [SD 3 y], range 8-18 y).

Effects of a prolonged standardized diet on normalizing the human metabolome.

Background: Although the effects of acute dietary interventions on the human metabolome have been studied, the extent to which the metabolome can be normalized by extended dietary standardization has not yet been examined.

Objective: We examined the metabolic profiles of healthy human subjects after extended dietary standardization to see whether the inherent variation in the human metabolome could be decreased.

Design: A cohort of 10 healthy volunteers was admitted to a clinical research center for 2 wk of dietary standardization.

Assessment and correction of skinfold thickness equations in estimating body fat in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To assess the accuracy of skinfold equations in estimating percentage body fat in children with cerebral palsy (CP), compared with assessment of body fat from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Method: Data were collected from 71 participants (30 females, 41 males) with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I-V) between the ages of 8 and 18 years. Estimated percentage body fat was computed using established (Slaughter) equations based on the triceps and subscapular skinfolds.

Ad libitum choline intake in healthy individuals meets or exceeds the proposed adequate intake level.

Choline is an essential nutrient for humans that is used to synthesize membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Betaine, a metabolite of choline, functions as a methyl-group donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, and is important for renal function. Accurate analysis of choline intake was previously not possible because the choline content of most foods was not known.

Choline- and betaine-defined diets for use in clinical research and for the management of trimethylaminuria.

This article describes the development of a series of choline- and betaine-controlled diets that were served to research subjects as part of an ongoing study of diet requirements in humans. These diets were developed based on the analysis of choline and betaine in individual foods. The calculated diets were compared with analyses of all foods combined into a single sample for each day.

Safety and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to postmenopausal women.

Background: Soy isoflavones are being evaluated as chemopreventive agents for breast and other cancers.

Objective: The objective was to perform safety and pharmacokinetic studies of purified unconjugated isoflavone preparations containing genistein, daidzein, and glycitein in postmenopausal women.

Design: Twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women ingested a single dose of 1 of 2 purified (from soybeans) isoflavone preparations that delivered a genistein dose of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg body wt.

Clinical characteristics and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to healthy men.

Background: Soy isoflavones are potential cancer chemoprevention treatments.

Objective: We conducted safety studies of purified unconjugated genistein, daidzein, and glycitein, and defined pharmacokinetic parameters for their absorption and metabolism.

Design: Thirty healthy men ingested a single dose of 1 of 2 isoflavone preparations purified from soy.