HDL-enriched miR-30a-5p is associated with HDL-cholesterol levels and glucose metabolism in healthy men and women.

To investigate the associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-enriched miRNAs and the cardiometabolic profile of healthy men and women. miRNAs were quantified using next-generation sequencing of miRNAs extracted from purified HDL and plasma from 17 healthy men and women couples. Among the HDL-enriched miRNAs, miR-30a-5p correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol levels, whereas miR-144-5p and miR-30a-5p were negatively associated with fasting insulin levels and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index.

Dietary sucrose induces metabolic inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases more than dietary fat in LDLrApoB mice.

Background And Aims: Poor dietary habits contribute to the obesity pandemic and related cardiovascular diseases but the respective impact of high saturated fat versus added sugar consumption remains debated. Herein, we aimed to disentangle the individual role of dietary fat versus sugar in cardiometabolic disease progression.

Methods: We fed pro-atherogenic LDLrApoB mice either a low-fat/high-sucrose (LFHS) or a high-fat/low-sucrose (HFLS) diet for 24 weeks.

Impact of a one-year lifestyle modification program on cholesterol efflux capacities in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia.

Cholesterol efflux capacities (CECs) are negatively associated with cardiovascular disease risk, irrespective of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Whether interventions targeting lifestyle improve HDL-CECs is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether improving dietary quality and increasing physical activity levels improves HDL-CECs in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia.

Longitudinal Changes in Cholesterol Efflux Capacities in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Lifestyle Modification Therapy.

Background: Our objective was to identify the determinants of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL-CEC) changes in patients with coronary artery disease who participated in a lifestyle modification program aimed at increasing physical activity levels and improving diet quality.

Methods And Results: A total of 86 men with coronary artery disease aged between 35 and 80 years participated in a 1-year lifestyle modification program that aimed to achieve a minimum of 150 minutes of aerobic physical activity weekly and improve diet quality. HDL-CECs were measured before and after the 1-year intervention using H-cholesterol-labeled J774 and HepG2 cells.

Saturated Fats from Butter but Not from Cheese Increase HDL-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity from J774 Macrophages in Men and Women with Abdominal Obesity.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and coronary artery disease risk varies according to food sources. How SFAs from butter and cheese influence HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a key process in reverse cholesterol transport, is currently unknown.

Objective: In a predefined secondary analysis of a previously published trial, we have examined how diets rich in SFAs from either cheese or butter influence HDL-mediated CEC, compared with diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Acute and Chronic Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Plasma LDL Cholesterol and PCSK9 Levels in Patients With Severe Obesity.

Context: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. In patients with severe obesity, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) surgery induces substantial weight loss and influences lipoprotein metabolism. The effect of BPD-DS on PCSK9 levels is unknown.

Impact of a 1-year lifestyle modification program on plasma lipoprotein and PCSK9 concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are characterized by an impaired cardiometabolic risk profile including high levels of atherogenic apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoprotein levels. Genetic studies have highlighted a critical role for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in lipoprotein metabolism and CAD risk.

Objective: To determine whether improving dietary quality and increasing physical activity levels improve parameters of the cardiometabolic risk profile such as plasma apoB and PCSK9 levels in patients with CAD.

Carriers of the PCSK9 R46L Variant Are Characterized by an Antiatherogenic Lipoprotein Profile Assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Brief Report.

Objective: Carriers of the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) R46L genetic variant (rs11591147) are characterized by low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. We studied the impact of the R46L variant on lipoprotein size and composition.

Approach And Results: Lipoprotein size and composition were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 2373 participants of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk study.

What does the future hold for cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition?

Purpose Of Review: This article summarizes the latest studies relevant to cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition and cardiovascular risk and proposes a series of patient populations that might eventually derive benefits from CETP inhibition.

Recent Findings: Results of recently published genetic epidemiology studies have helped shape our understanding of the association between lipoprotein-lipid levels and cardiovascular disease risk. These studies have confirmed the proatherogenic role of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and triglycerides and renewed our interest for lipoprotein(a) as a significant and causal predictor of cardiovascular risk.

Design and synthesis of new potassium channel activators derived from the ring opening of diazoxide: study of their vasodilatory effect, stimulation of elastin synthesis and inhibitory effect on insulin release.

Benzenesulfonylureas and benzenesulfonylthioureas, as well as benzenecarbonylureas and benzenecarbonylthioureas, were prepared and evaluated as myorelaxants on 30mMKCl-precontracted rat aortic rings. The most active compounds were further examined as stimulators of elastin synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells and as inhibitors of insulin release from pancreaticβ-cells. The drugs were also characterized for their effects on glycaemia in rats.