Twenty years with the public health intervention wheel: Evidence for practice.

The Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHI Wheel) is a population-based practice model for public health nursing practice that encompasses three levels of practice (community, systems, individual/family) and 17 public health interventions. This article shares the story of how the PHI Wheel was created, disseminated, implemented by public health nurses (PHNs) and educators across the globe, and updated with new evidence published in the second edition of Public Health Interventions: Applications for Public Health Nursing in 2019. Evidence on the relevance of PHI Wheel interventions for public health practice in cultural and international settings supports the model's value in explaining PHN practice.

Speaking Up: How Family Members Advocate for Relatives Living with a Mental Illness.

Consumers with a mental health condition often feel powerless and overwhelmed in interactions with mental healthcare providers. Consumer self-advocacy and advocacy actions undertaken by their family members on the behalf of their relative contribute to a sense of empowerment for both consumers and their family members. This qualitative study explored family member perspectives of advocacy actions they took on behalf of their relatives and themselves.

Family perspectives of healthcare for relatives living with a mental illness.

Purpose: This study explored how parents, partners or spouses, siblings, and adult children, who had a relative living with a mental illness, experienced interactions with mental healthcare providers and staff.

Design And Methods: A descriptive qualitative research process guided interviews with 20 family members about their experiences with the mental healthcare system.

Findings: Analysis yielded similar and different themes of experience for each family role.

The Public Health Intervention Wheel in Norway.

Objective: This study explored experiences Norwegian public health nurses (PHNs) have with using interventions from the Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW).

Design And Sample: The researchers used both quantitative and qualitative measures to explore how Norwegian PHNs use PHIW interventions in their practice. Data were gathered from six focus group meetings with 15 school and 16 family health nurses in Norway.

Creating and sustaining an academic-practice Partnership Engagement Model.

Public health clinical educators and practicing public health nurses (PHNs) are experiencing challenges in creating meaningful clinical learning experiences for nursing students due to an increase in nursing programs and greater workload responsibilities for both nursing faculty and PHNs. The Henry Street Consortium (HSC), a collaborative group of PHNs and nursing faculty, conducted a project to identify best practices for public health nursing student clinical learning experiences. Project leaders surveyed HSC members about preferences for teaching-learning strategies, facilitated development of resources and tools to guide learning, organized faculty/PHN pilot teams to test resources and tools with students, and evaluated the pilot team experiences through two focus groups.

Public Health Interventions: School Nurse Practice Stories.

This study describes and analyzes school nurses' (SN) experiences with understanding and using public health interventions from the Public Health Intervention Wheel. The Wheel offers a model for naming interventions provided by SNs from a public health perspective. Research teams from academic and SN practice settings conducted six focus groups with school nurses from Minnesota.

Demystifying Nursing Theory: A Christian Nursing Perspective.

How does nursing theory apply to nursing practice? Nursing theory can explain the why and how of nursing practice, guide nursing interventions, and provide a framework for measuring outcomes. This article briefly explains nursing theory, provides examples for applying theory to nursing practice, and proposes questions for examining the consistency of nursing theories with Christian perspectives. A helpful table illustrating grand, middle-range, and situation-specific theories and their application to nursing practice and research, along with references, is provided online as supplemental digital content.

Second Life(®) Virtual Learning in Public Health Nursing.

Background: With limited available public health nursing clinical placements, nurse educators are challenged to create alternative learning experiences that engage students.

Method: Nursing faculty developed three Second Life® virtual learning scenarios in family health, disaster preparedness, and home safety areas of interest as a supplement to clinical experiences for undergraduate senior nursing students in a public health nursing course. Student perceptions of their learning were evaluated by a survey and focus group.

Public Health Interventions for School Nursing Practice.

School nurses (SNs) use public health nursing knowledge and skills to provide nursing services to school populations. The Public Health Intervention Wheel is a practice framework that can be used to explain and guide public health nursing interventions. SNs who were also members of the National Association of School Nurses completed an electronic survey on their use of public health interventions as defined by the wheel.

Public Health Nursing Activities: Visible or Invisible?

Objective: To promote visibility of public health nurses (PHNs), this study identified public health nursing activities and explored PHN perceptions of the impact of their activities on the health of the communities they serve.

Design And Sample: Two surveys with questions focusing on PHN activities were made available electronically. Following the initial survey, the second survey had more detailed questions about PHN activities, including time spent and frequency of activities as well as open-ended questions.

Public health nurse mentorship of pregnant and parenting adolescents.

Objective: This study explored the experience of the mentoring relationship for public health nurses (PHNs) and teen parents.

Design And Sample: PHNs and teen parents who participated in the Parenting and Teen Program provided qualitative data about mentorship provided by PHNs.

Measures: The participants were asked open-ended questions that addressed interactions; meaning of success for the teen; and support, information given, and decisions made in the context of the mentoring relationship.

A comparison of the cornerstones of public health nursing in Norway and in the United States.

Objectives: This study describes a comparison of the values and beliefs foundational to community nursing practice in Norway with the Cornerstones of Public Health Nursing based on public health nursing practice in the United States.

Design And Sample: Methods included a review of the literature and focus groups to determine primary beliefs and values foundational to nursing practice in family, school, and home care settings in Norway.

Measures: Authors reviewed documents written in English and Norwegian for content on values and beliefs represented in public health nursing.

A comparison of the Well Child Clinic services in Norway and the Nurse Family Partnership programme in the United States.

Aim And Objectives: To present a comparison and a discussion of the Well Child Clinic model in Norway and the Nurse-Family Partnership model in the United States.

Background: The Nurse Family Partnership programme in the United States is voluntary and not universal. The Well Child Clinic programme in Norway is voluntary but universally available for Norwegian families.

Evidence-based practice models for organizational change: overview and practical applications.

Aim: To provide an overview, summary of key features and evaluation of usefulness of six evidence-based practice models frequently discussed in the literature.

Background: The variety of evidence-based practice models and frameworks, complex terminology and organizational culture challenges nurses in selecting the model that best fits their practice setting.

Data Sources: The authors: (1) initially identified models described in a predominant nursing text; (2) searched the literature through CINAHL from 1998 to current year, using combinations of 'evidence', 'evidence-based practice', 'models', 'nursing' and 'research'; (3) refined the list of selected models based on the initial literature review; and (4) conducted a second search of the literature on the selected models for all available years to locate both historical and recent articles on their use in nursing practice.

Evaluation of a public health nurse visiting program for pregnant and parenting teens.

A visiting nurse agency created the Pregnant and Parenting Team Program, an innovative program for serving pregnant and parenting teen mothers to promote family and child health and family self-sufficiency. Public health nurses (PHNs) provide home visits that offer social, emotional, educational, and health care support to pregnant and parenting teen mothers 19 years of age and younger and their children. Foundational program pillars include: (1) a trusting relationship between teen mothers and a PHN through home visits; (2) outreach and coordination with schools, hospital, clinics, and human service agencies; (3) a comprehensive and intensive maternal mental health curriculum; and (4) community support and caring through provision of essential items needed for success in parenting.

A practical communication strategy to improve implementation of evidence-based practice.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if a consistent communication strategy for implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP), developed with input from staff nurses, improved staff nurse satisfaction with communication of practice changes.

Background: Integration of EBP knowledge into clinical practice supports optimal nursing care. Awareness of a practice change and the ability to reference the information may be problematic.

Finding common ground in public health nursing education and practice.

Preparation of the public health nursing (PHN) workforce requires public health nurses from academia and practice to collaborate. However, a shortage of PHN clinical sites may lead to competition between schools of nursing for student placements. The Henry Street Consortium, a group of 5 baccalaureate schools of nursing and 13 local health departments in the state of Minnesota, developed a model for collaboration between PHN education and practice.

Cornerstones of public health nursing.

The "Cornerstones of Public Health Nursing" describe the values and beliefs that underlie the practice of Public Health Nursing, which is a synthesis of public health and nursing. The impetus for the development of the Cornerstone framework originated from the need to advocate for public health nursing programs, positions, and funding. Grounded in practice, their development engaged stakeholders from the public health nursing community at every phase.

The Henry street consortium population-based competencies for educating public health nursing students.

The Henry Street Consortium, a collaboration of nurse educators from universities and colleges and public health nurses (PHNs) from government, school, and community agencies, developed 11 population-based competencies for educating nursing students and the novice PHN. Although many organizations have developed competency lists for experts, the Consortium developed a set of competencies that clearly define expectations for the beginning PHN. The competencies are utilized by both education and practice.

Critical care nurses' perceptions of obstacles, supports, and knowledge needed in providing quality end-of-life care.

In response to critical care nurses' perceptions of increasing stress and conflict in difficult end-of-life (EOL) situations, the researchers conducted a study to identify perceived obstacles, supports, and knowledge needed to provide quality EOL care. The conclusions were as follows: (1) families and patients need clear, direct, and consistent information to make EOL decisions; (2) physician-related issues affect nurses' ability to provide quality EOL care; (3) critical care nurses need more knowledge, skill, and a sense of cultural competency to provide quality care; and (4) having properly completed advance directives can reduce confusion about the goals of care. Recommendations for improving EOL care were made as a result of the study.

A university and health care organization partnership to prepare nurses for evidence-based practice.

This article describes a partnership model between a university and health care organizations for teaching graduate nursing research from a framework of evidence-based practice. Nurses from health care organizations identified topics for graduate students to search the literature and synthesize evidence for guiding nursing practice. Nurse educators mentored graduate students in conducting critical appraisals of the literature.

Organizational readiness for evidence-based practice.

Objective: This study explored factors that affect the adoption or rejection of evidence-based practice (EBP) changes and differences in nurse manager and staff nurse perceptions about those factors.

Background: Roger's Diffusion of Innovations Theory explains relevant organizational strategies for guiding practice change.

Methods: The primary author developed the Evidence-Based Practice Changes Survey consisting of 12 items, completed by 92 nurses at a level 1 trauma center.

A virtue ethics guide to best practices for community-based participatory research.

Background: Rule ethics, or principled thinking, is important in the analysis of risks and benefits of research and informed consent, but is not completely adequate for guiding ethical responses to communities as research participants and collaborators. Virtue ethics theory can be used to guide actions in relationships, which are foundational to the implementation of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Virtues are strengths of character that contribute to a life of flourishing or well-being for individuals and communities.

Pregnancy-free club: a strategy to prevent repeat adolescent pregnancy.

Public health nurses (PHNs) implement interventions from the Public Health Intervention Wheel in a school-based program to prevent repeat adolescent pregnancy. The local health department, the school district, and a community hospital collaborated to develop the Pregnancy-Free Club (PFC) for adolescent mothers attending the school. Their goal was to prevent repeat adolescent pregnancy through a multifaceted approach.

Ethical problems in end-of-life decisions for elderly Norwegians.

Norwegian health professionals, elderly people and family members experience ethical problems involving end-of-life decision making for elders in the context of the values of Norwegian society. This study used ethical inquiry and qualitative methodology to conduct and analyze interviews carried out with 25 health professionals, six elderly people and five family members about the ethical problems they encountered in end-of-life decision making in Norway. All three participant groups experienced ethical problems involving the adequacy of health care for elderly Norwegians.