CT-assessed sarcopenia and immune-related adverse events in patients with lung cancer: A competing risk time-to-event analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study investigates the relationship between CT-assessed sarcopenia and irAEs in patients with lung cancer who are receiving ICIs.

Methods: Patients were enrolled if they had lung cancer treated with ICIs at the University Medical Center Groningen (2015-2021) and had undergone low-dose CT scans that included the third lumbar vertebral level (L3).

Lung cancer volume doubling time by computed tomography: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Lung cancer growth rate influences screening strategies and treatment decisions. This review aims to provide an overview of primary lung cancer growth rate, quantified by volume doubling time (VDT) through computed tomography (CT) measurement.

Methods: Using PRISMA-DTA guideline, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched until March 2024 for studies reporting CT-measured VDT of pathologically confirmed primary lung cancer before intervention.

Stage III NSCLC treatment options: too many choices.

Stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a wide range of tumour (T1 to T4) and nodal (N0 to N3) components, requiring variable management and a multidisciplinary approach. Recent advancements in minimally invasive techniques, molecular biology and novel drug discoveries have accelerated the refinement of stage III NSCLC management. The latest developments in staging include the forthcoming update of the nodal component in the 9th TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) edition, which emphasises the critical role for endobronchial ultrasonography in mediastinal staging.

Bronchoscopy with and without needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for peripheral lung nodule diagnosis: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (CLEVER trial).

Introduction: Despite many technological advances, the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopic peripheral lung nodule analysis remains limited due to frequent mispositioning. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) enables real-time microscopic feedback on needle positioning, potentially improving the sampling location and diagnostic yield. Previous studies have defined and validated nCLE criteria for malignancy, airway and lung parenchyma.

Ct-defined emphysema prevalence in a Chinese and Dutch general population.

Purpose: We determine and compare the prevalence, subtypes, severity, and risk factors for emphysema assessed by low-dose CT(LDCT) in Chinese and Dutch general populations.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included LDCT scans of 1143 participants between May and October 2017 from a Chinese Cohort study and 1200 participants with same age range and different smoking status between May and October 2019 from a Dutch population-based study. An experienced radiologist visually assessed the scans for emphysema presence (≥trace), subtype, and severity.

An optimized D-dimer cut-off value to predict pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Elevated D-dimer levels are observed even in the absence of PTE, reducing its discriminative ability as a screening test. It is unknown whether conventional D-dimer cut-off values, as used in the YEARS algorithm, apply to COVID-19 patients.

Performance of Lung-RADS in different target populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Multiple lung cancer screening studies reported the performance of Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS), but none systematically evaluated its performance across different populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of Lung-RADS (versions 1.0 and 1.

Current and Future Perspectives on Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer: A Roadmap From 2023 to 2027 From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer substantially reduces mortality from lung cancer, as revealed in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. This review is based on the ninth CT screening symposium of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, which focuses on the major themes pertinent to the successful global implementation of LDCT screening and develops a strategy to further the implementation of lung cancer screening globally. These recommendations provide a 5-year roadmap to advance the implementation of LDCT screening globally, including the following: (1) establish universal screening program quality indicators; (2) establish evidence-based criteria to identify individuals who have never smoked but are at high-risk of developing lung cancer; (3) develop recommendations for incidentally detected lung nodule tracking and management protocols to complement programmatic lung cancer screening; (4) Integrate artificial intelligence and biomarkers to increase the prediction of malignancy in suspicious CT screen-detected lesions; and (5) standardize high-quality performance artificial intelligence protocols that lead to substantial reductions in costs, resource utilization and radiologist reporting time; (6) personalize CT screening intervals on the basis of an individual's lung cancer risk; (7) develop evidence to support clinical management and cost-effectiveness of other identified abnormalities on a lung cancer screening CT; (8) develop publicly accessible, easy-to-use geospatial tools to plan and monitor equitable access to screening services; and (9) establish a global shared education resource for lung cancer screening CT to ensure high-quality reading and reporting.

Predicted versus CT-derived total lung volume in a general population: The ImaLife study.

Predicted lung volumes based on the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) model are used in pulmonary disease detection and monitoring. It is unknown how well the predicted lung volume corresponds with computed tomography (CT) derived total lung volume (TLV). The aim of this study was to compare the GLI-2021 model predictions of total lung capacity (TLC) with CT-derived TLV.

Multi-source data approach for personalized outcome prediction in lung cancer screening: update from the NELSON trial.

Trials show that low-dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening in long-term (ex-)smokers reduces lung cancer mortality. However, many individuals were exposed to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. This project aims to improve the efficiency of lung cancer screening by identifying high-risk participants, and improving risk discrimination for nodules.

CT-based emphysema characterization per lobe: A proof of concept.

Purpose: The Fleischner society criteria are global criteria to visually evaluate and classify pulmonary emphysema on CT. It may group heterogeneous disease severity within the same category, potentially obscuring clinically relevant differences in emphysema severity. This proof-of-concept study proposes to split emphysema into more categories and to assess each lobe separately, and applies this to two general population-based cohort samples to assess what information such an extension adds.

Contextualizing the Role of Volumetric Analysis in Pulmonary Nodule Assessment: Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Pulmonary nodules are managed on the basis of their size and morphologic characteristics. Radiologists are familiar with assessing nodule size by measuring diameter using manually deployed electronic calipers. Size may also be assessed with 3D volumetric measurements (referred to as volumetry) obtained with software.

CT characteristics of solid pulmonary nodules of never smokers versus smokers: A population-based study.

Purpose: Aim was to assess CT characteristics of lung nodules in never and former smokers compared to current smokers in a population-based setting.

Method: We included individuals aged 45-60 years taking part in the ImaLife (Imaging in Lifelines) study, with at least one solid lung nodule (≥30 mm) on low-dose chest CT. Qualitative (location, shape, margin, nodule type, attached structures) and quantitative (count, diameter, volume) nodule characteristics were evaluated.

Association between visual emphysema and lung nodules on low-dose CT scan in a Chinese Lung Cancer Screening Program (Nelcin-B3).

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between visual emphysema and the presence of lung nodules, and Lung-RADS category with low-dose CT (LDCT).

Methods: Baseline LDCT scans of 1162 participants from a lung cancer screening study (Nelcin-B3) performed in a Chinese general population were included. The presence, subtypes, and severity of emphysema (at least trace) were visually assessed by one radiologist.

Airflow Limitation Increases Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers: The Lifelines Cohort Study.

Background: The relationship between smoking, airflow limitation, and lung cancer occurrence is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between airflow limitation and lung cancer, and the effect modification by smoking status.

Methods: We included participants with spirometry data from Lifelines, a population-based cohort study from the Northern Netherlands.

Association between Chest CT-defined Emphysema and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Given the different methods of assessing emphysema, controversy exists as to whether it is associated with lung cancer. Purpose To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between chest CT-defined emphysema and the presence of lung cancer. Materials and Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched up to July 15, 2021, to identify studies on the association between emphysema assessed visually or quantitatively with CT and lung cancer.

Low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening: Clinical evidence and implementation research.

Lung cancer causes more deaths than breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer combined. Nevertheless, population-based lung cancer screening is still not considered standard practice in most countries worldwide. Early lung cancer detection leads to better survival outcomes: patients diagnosed with stage 1A lung cancer have a >75% 5-year survival rate, compared to <5% at stage 4.

Outstanding negative prediction performance of solid pulmonary nodule volume AI for ultra-LDCT baseline lung cancer screening risk stratification.

Objective: To evaluate performance of AI as a standalone reader in ultra-low-dose CT lung cancer baseline screening, and compare it to that of experienced radiologists.

Methods: 283 participants who underwent a baseline ultra-LDCT scan in Moscow Lung Cancer Screening, between February 2017-2018, and had at least one solid lung nodule, were included. Volumetric nodule measurements were performed by five experienced blinded radiologists, and independently assessed using an AI lung cancer screening prototype (AVIEW LCS, v1.

Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT: Simulating the effect of starting screening at a younger age in women.

Background: The US has recently lowered the entry age for lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) from 55 to 50 years. The effect of the younger age for starting screening on the rates of screen-detected and radiation-induced lung cancers in women remains unclear.

Methods: A modeling study was conducted.

Comparison of National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Position Statement protocols for nodule management in low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening in a general Chinese population.

Background: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening often refers individuals to unnecessary examinations. This study aims to compare the European Position Statement (EUPS) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) protocols in management of participants at baseline screening round.

Methods: LDCT lung cancer screening was prospectively performed in a Chinese asymptomatic population aged 40-74 years.