A multiresidue analytical method on air and rainwater for assessing pesticide atmospheric contamination in untreated areas.

The use of pesticides in agriculture to protect crops against pests and diseases generates environmental contamination. The atmospheric compartment contributes to their dispersion at different distances from the application areas and to the exposure of organisms in untreated areas through dry and wet deposition. A multiresidue analytical method using the same TD-GC-MS analytical pipeline to quantify pesticide concentrations in both the atmosphere and rainwater was developed and tested in natura.

Leaching and degradation of S-Metolachlor in undisturbed soil cores amended with organic wastes.

Organic waste (OW) reuse in agriculture is a common practice fostered by benefits in terms of waste recycling and crop production. However, OW amendments potentially affect the fate of pesticide spread on fields to protect the crops from pests and weeds. The influence of OW on the sorption, degradation, and leaching of pesticides is generally studied for each mechanism separately under artificial laboratory conditions.

A method to assess glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soil and earthworms.

A new sensitive and selective analytical methodology to quantify glyphosate (GLY), aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate (GLU) in both soil and earthworms (Allolobophora chlorotica) was developed. The extraction and purification methods were optimized. The samples were extracted with various aqueous solutions (HNO, HO, KOH and borate buffer) and derivatized with 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOCCl).

Development of a soft extraction method for sulfamethoxazole and transformation products from agricultural soils: Effects of organic matter co-extraction on the environmental availability assessment.

The recycling of biosolids and livestock manure in agriculture may lead to the introduction of antibiotic residues, i.e., parent molecule and transformation products, into amended soils.

Fate and impacts of pharmaceuticals and personal care products after repeated applications of organic waste products in long-term field experiments.

Recycling organic waste products in agriculture is a potential route for the dispersion of pharmaceutical residues in the environment. In this study, the concentrations of thirteen pharmaceuticals and the personal care product triclosan (PPCPs) were determined in different environmental matrices from long-term experimental fields amended with different organic waste products (OWPs), including sludge, composted sludge with green wastes, livestock effluents and composted urban wastes applied at usual agricultural rates. PPCP concentrations were different in OWPs, varying from a few micrograms to milligrams per kilogram dry matter or per litre for slurry.

A new extraction method to assess the environmental availability of ciprofloxacin in agricultural soils amended with exogenous organic matter.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can be found in soils receiving exogenous organic matter (EOM). Their long-term behavior in EOM-amended soils and their level of biodegradability are not well understood partly due to a lack of methods to estimate their environmental availability. We performed different aqueous extractions to quantify the available fraction of C-ciprofloxacin in soils amended with a compost of sewage sludge and green wastes or a farmyard manure contaminated at relevant environmental concentrations.

Factors influencing the extraction of pharmaceuticals from sewage sludge and soil: an experimental design approach.

Pharmaceuticals can enter the environment when organic waste products are recycled on agricultural soils. The extraction of pharmaceuticals is a challenging step in their analysis. The very different extraction conditions proposed in the literature make the choice of the right method for multi-residue analysis difficult.

Transport of organic contaminants in subsoil horizons and effects of dissolved organic matter related to organic waste recycling practices.

Compost amendment on agricultural soil is a current practice to compensate the loss of organic matter. As a consequence, dissolved organic carbon concentration in soil leachates can be increased and potentially modify the transport of other solutes. This study aims to characterize the processes controlling the mobility of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in deep soil layers and their potential impacts on the leaching of organic contaminants (pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds) potentially present in cultivated soils receiving organic waste composts.

Interactions between head blight pathogens: consequences for disease development and toxin production in wheat spikes.

Head blight (HB) is one of the most damaging diseases on wheat, inducing significant yield losses and toxin accumulation in grains. Fungal pathogens responsible for HB include the genus Microdochium, with two species, and the toxin producer genus Fusarium, with several species. Field studies and surveys show that two or more species can coexist within a same field and coinfect the same plant or the same spike.

Multi-residue analysis of pharmaceuticals in aqueous environmental samples by online solid-phase extraction-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: optimisation and matrix effects reduction by quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction.

The aim of this study was to develop and optimise an analytical method for the quantification of a bactericide and 13 pharmaceutical products, including 8 antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolide), in various aqueous environmental samples: soil water and aqueous fractions of pig slurry, digested pig slurry and sewage sludge. The analysis was performed by online solid-phase extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE-UHPLC-MS-MS). The main challenge was to minimize the matrix effects observed in mass spectrometry, mostly due to ion suppression.

S-methyl thioesters are produced from fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids by brevibacteria: focus on L-leucine catabolic pathway and identification of acyl-CoA intermediates.

Despite their importance as potent odors that contribute to the aroma of numerous cheeses, S-methyl thioesters formation pathways have not been fully established yet. In a first part of our work, we demonstrated that Brevibacterium antiquum and Brevibacterium aurantiacum could produce S-methyl thioesters using short-chain fatty acids or branched-chain amino acids as precursors. Then, we focused our work on L-leucine catabolism using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses coupled with tracing experiments.

An experimental design approach to optimise the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from rainfall water using stir bar sorptive extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.

Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) followed by HPLC-fluorescence detection (FLD) was optimised for analysing 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples, especially rainfall water with low PAH content. The literature data described widely different experimental conditions for the extraction of PAHs by SBSE. A chemometric approach was therefore used to evaluate the statistically influential and/or interacting factors, among those described in the literature, and to find the best extraction and desorption conditions.

Separation of protoberberine quaternary alkaloids from a crude extract of Enantia chlorantha by centrifugal partition chromatography.

High-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) has been successfully applied to the separation of four protoberberine quaternary alkaloids, namely palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine and pseudocolumbamine, from a methanolic extract (M1, 1.47 g) of Enantia chlorantha Oliver stem bark. For their isolation, two successive biphasic solvent systems composed of dichloromethane-methanol-water (48:16:36, v/v) were selected.