Fructose restriction has beneficial effects on adipose tissue distribution but not on serum adipokine levels: Post-hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

We aimed to examine the effects of isocaloric fructose restriction on adipose tissue distribution and serum adipokines. Individuals with BMI >28 kg/m (n = 44) followed a 6-week fructose-restricted diet and were randomly allocated to (double-blind) oral supplementation with fructose (control) or glucose (intervention) powder three times daily. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue was quantified with MRI.

Increased Levels of Circulating Methylglyoxal Have No Consequence for Cerebral Microvascular Integrity and Cognitive Function in Young Healthy Mice.

Diabetes and other age-related diseases are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glycolysis and a major precursor in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), is increased in individuals with diabetes and other age-related diseases and is associated with microvascular dysfunction. We now investigated whether increased levels of circulating MGO can lead to cerebral microvascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and cognitive impairment.

Glyoxalase 1 overexpression improves neurovascular coupling and limits development of mild cognitive impairment in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a precursor to advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), is elevated in diabetes and linked to microvascular dysfunction. In this study, overexpression of the MGO-detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) was used in a mouse model of diabetes to explore whether MGO accumulation in diabetes causes cognitive impairment.

Association of α-Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation End Products with Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Subjects: A Case-Control Study.

α-Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance by a variety of mechanisms. To investigate whether young insulin-resistant subjects present markers of increased dicarbonyl stress, we determined serum α-dicarbonyls-methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone; their derived free- and protein-bound, and urinary AGEs using the UPLC/MS-MS method; soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE), and cardiometabolic risk markers in 142 (49% females) insulin resistant (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) ≤ 0.319) and 167 (47% females) age-, and waist-to-height ratio-matched insulin-sensitive controls aged 16-to-22 years.

Association of tear fluid amyloid and tau levels with disease severity and neurodegeneration.

There has been increasing interest in finding non-invasive biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This observational study investigated AD-specific biomarkers in tear fluid. Tear fluid was collected from a total of 65 subjects, including 23 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 22 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 11 dementia patients and 9 healthy controls (HC).

Dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) increase their concentration in plasma and tissues, result in inflammation and modulate gut microbial composition in mice; evidence for reversibility.

Scope: Dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are associated with negative biological effects, possibly due to accumulation in plasma and tissues and through modulation of inflammation and gut microbiota. Whether these biological consequences are reversible by limiting dietary AGE intake is unknown.

Methods And Results: Young healthy C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard chow (n = 10) or a baked chow high AGE-diet (n = 10) (~1.

Hepatic Fat Content and Liver Enzymes Are Associated with Circulating Free and Protein-Bound Advanced Glycation End Products, Which Are Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation: The CODAM Study.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in fatty livers and may contribute to low-grade inflammation (LGI), potentially via their receptor, RAGE. It is unknown if the AGE accumulation in fatty livers results in elevated circulating AGEs. In a cohort study, we investigated the association of liver fat and hepatocellular damage with circulating AGEs and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and subsequently the association of circulating AGEs and sRAGE with LGI.

RAGE deficiency does not affect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis in Western type diet-fed Ldlr mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from steatosis only to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The latter is characterized by hepatic inflammation, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is poorly understood which factors contribute to the onset of hepatic inflammation characterizing the progression from steatosis to NASH.

Aldosterone Is Not Associated With Metabolic and Microvascular Insulin Sensitivity in Abdominally Obese Men.

Context: Impaired insulin-mediated muscle microvascular recruitment (IMMR) may add to the development of insulin resistance and hypertension. Increased aldosterone levels have been linked to these obesity-related complications in severely to morbidly obese individuals and to impaired microvascular function in experimental studies.

Objectives: To investigate whether aldosterone levels are associated with IMMR, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure in lean and moderately abdominally obese men, and to study the effect of weight loss.

Protein-Bound Plasma Nε-(Carboxymethyl)lysine Is Inversely Associated With Central Obesity and Inflammation and Significantly Explain a Part of the Central Obesity-Related Increase in Inflammation: The Hoorn and CODAM Studies.

Objective: Adipose tissue inflammation contributes to the development of complications, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously reported that plasma levels of N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) were decreased in obese subjects resulting from CML accumulation in adipose tissue and that this CML accumulation plays an important role in adipose tissue inflammation. The objective of this study is to investigate associations between obesity (body mass index, waist circumference, and trunk fat mass), plasma CML (as an inversely correlated marker of CML accumulation in adipose tissue), and low-grade inflammation (LGI) in a large sample of individuals whose weight status ranged from normal to morbid obesity.

Multiple inflammatory biomarker detection in a prospective cohort study: a cross-validation between well-established single-biomarker techniques and an electrochemiluminescense-based multi-array platform.

Background: In terms of time, effort and quality, multiplex technology is an attractive alternative for well-established single-biomarker measurements in clinical studies. However, limited data comparing these methods are available.

Methods: We measured, in a large ongoing cohort study (n = 574), by means of both a 4-plex multi-array biomarker assay developed by MesoScaleDiscovery (MSD) and single-biomarker techniques (ELISA or immunoturbidimetric assay), the following biomarkers of low-grade inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1).

L(+) and D(-) lactate are increased in plasma and urine samples of type 2 diabetes as measured by a simultaneous quantification of L(+) and D(-) lactate by reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Background: Plasma and urinary levels of D-lactate have been linked to the presence of diabetes. Previously developed techniques have shown several limitations to further evaluate D-lactate as a biomarker for this condition.

Methods: D- and L-lactate were quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with labelled internal standard.

Measurement of pentosidine in human plasma protein by a single-column high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection.

A rapid and sensitive single-column high-performance liquid chromatography method and application for the detection of protein bound pentosidine is described. Pentosidine, a cross-link between arginine and lysine, is a well-characterized advanced glycation endproduct. In order to detect protein-bound pentosidine, plasma proteins were hydrolysed in 6N HCl.

Basic fibroblast growth factor, glutamine synthetase, and interleukin-6 in vitreous fluid from eyes with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), glutamine synthetase (GS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitreous fluid from eyes with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Design: Comparative case series; experimental study.

Methods: In a prospective study, we measured bFGF, GS, IL-6, and total protein in vitreous fluid samples from 53 eyes from 53 consecutive patients with PVR operated on in our hospital.