Paleolithic and Mediterranean diet pattern scores and risk of incident, sporadic colorectal adenomas.

The Western dietary pattern is associated with higher risk of colorectal neoplasms. Evolutionary discordance could explain this association. We investigated associations of scores for 2 proposed diet patterns, the "Paleolithic" and the Mediterranean, with incident, sporadic colorectal adenomas in a case-control study of colorectal polyps conducted in Minnesota (1991-1994).

Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors.

Cancer survivors are often highly motivated to seek information about food choices, physical activity, and dietary supplements to improve their treatment outcomes, quality of life, and overall survival. To address these concerns, the American Cancer Society (ACS) convened a group of experts in nutrition, physical activity, and cancer survivorship to evaluate the scientific evidence and best clinical practices related to optimal nutrition and physical activity after the diagnosis of cancer. This report summarizes their findings and is intended to present health care providers with the best possible information with which to help cancer survivors and their families make informed choices related to nutrition and physical activity.

American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. These Guidelines, published approximately every 5 years, are developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and they reflect the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS Guidelines focus on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors.

Smoking and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pooled analysis of 5 prospective cohorts.

Background: Cigarette smoking has been proposed as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but epidemiological studies supporting this hypothesis have been small and mostly retrospective.

Objective: To prospectively examine the relation between smoking and ALS in 5 well-established large cohorts.

Design: Five prospective cohorts with study-specific follow-up ranging from 7 to 28 years.

American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. These Guidelines, published every 5 years, are developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and as such, they represent the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS Guidelines include recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or interferes with healthy behaviors.

Dairy products and ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 12 cohort studies.

Background: Dairy foods and their constituents (lactose and calcium) have been hypothesized to promote ovarian carcinogenesis. Although case-control studies have reported conflicting results for dairy foods and lactose, several cohort studies have shown positive associations between skim milk, lactose, and ovarian cancer.

Methods: A pooled analysis of the primary data from 12 prospective cohort studies was conducted.

Smokeless tobacco use and the risk of Parkinson's disease mortality.

We examined the association between smokeless tobacco use and Parkinson's disease (PD) mortality as assessed by death certificate in a prospective cohort of 95,981 never-smoking men. In this cohort, smokeless tobacco use is inversely associated with PD mortality, with an age-adjusted risk of 0.22 (0.

Total equivalent of reactive chemicals in 142 human food items is highly variable within and between major food groups.

Many reactive electrophilic chemicals (e.g., acrylamide and hydrazine) occur in foods, and these could individually or cumulatively contribute to human cancer or other diseases.