ASRM müllerian anomalies classification 2021.

There are many proposed classification systems for müllerian anomalies. The American Fertility Society (AFS) Classification from 1988 has been the most recognized and utilized. The advantages of this iconic classification include its simplicity, recognizability, and correlation with clinical pregnancy outcomes.

Delayed blastulation, multinucleation, and expansion grade are independently associated with live-birth rates in frozen blastocyst transfer cycles.

Objective: To identify blastocyst features independently predictive of successful pregnancy and live births with vitrified-warmed blastocysts.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Academic hospital.

Residency training in pediatric and adolescent gynecology across obstetrics and gynecology residency programs: a cross-sectional study.

Study Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology formal training in the United States Obstetric and Gynecology residency programs.

Design: Prospective, anonymous, cross-sectional study.

Participants: United States program directors of Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs, N = 242; respondents 104 (43%).

In vitro fertilization update.

Success rates with in vitro fertilization (IVF) continue to improve as we gain insight into optimal culture conditions for gametes and embryos. New procedures such as in vitro egg maturation, preimplantation genetic testing, single embryo transfer, and oocyte freezing hold the promise of reducing the cost, inconvenience, and risks of IVF, as well as preserving future fertility. We provide an overview of the current and experimental assisted reproductive technology techniques.

Relationship between cytokines and the embryotoxicity of hydrosalpingeal fluid.

Objective: The exact chemical composition of hydrosalpingeal fluid is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize cytokines in hydrosalpingeal fluid (HSF) and examine their possible role in the embryo development.

Study Design: HSF was aspirated at laparoscopic salpingectomy in eight infertile women.

Protein supplementation and the incidence of apoptosis and oxidative stress in mouse embryos.

Objective: To estimate the effect of protein supplementation of culture media on reactive oxygen species production and incidence of apoptosis in preimplantation mouse embryos.

Methods: A total of 72 two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in human tubal fluid (HTF) alone (HTF-alone, control) and 71 embryos in HTF with protein supplementation (10% serum substitute supplement; HTF-SSS) for 72 hours. Total cell number per embryo was determined by staining with Hoechst 33258.

Ovarian function preservation in the cancer patient.

Objective: To review the clinical modalities that are available to women receiving potentially sterilizing cancer therapy.

Design: The MEDLINE database was reviewed for all publications on medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology that could potentially preserve fertility in women who are receiving cancer therapy.

Conclusion(s): There are many options available to a patient undergoing a treatment that will negatively impact her fertility.

Adolescent endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a cause of chronic, pelvic pain in adolescents. Lack of response to NSAIDS and OCPs should prompt further investigation and subsequent treatment. The goal of therapy is to minimize pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea primarily through long-term, medical therapy.

Laparoscopy for adnexal masses in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Study Objective: To assess the safety of laparoscopic treatment of adnexal masses in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Design: Retrospective chart review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3.

Setting: Large tertiary care medical center.

Vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation reduce oxidative stress-induced embryo toxicity and improve the blastocyst development rate.

To evaluate the adverse effects of exogenously induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mouse embryo development by using the 12-phorbol 13-myristate acetate (PMA)-activated leukocyte model as a source of ROS, and to examine the protective effect of antioxidant supplementation (vitamin C and vitamin E). Prospective study. Research laboratory.

Endometriosis: still tough to diagnose and treat.

Endometriosis is a chronic disease that may have life-altering implications such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The following review will familiarize the practicing physician with available therapies to maintain and enhance reproductive potential and control pelvic pain in women with endometriosis.