Publications by authors named "Marja R Raekallio"

Traditional visual lameness assessment is subjective. Ethograms have been developed for evaluating pain and objective sensors to detect lameness. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been used to evaluate stress and pain.

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Objective: To investigate effects of vatinoxan in dogs, when administered as intravenous (IV) premedication with medetomidine and butorphanol before anaesthesia for surgical castration.

Study Design: A randomized, controlled, blinded, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 28 client-owned dogs.

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Background: The oral sugar test (OST) is commonly used to diagnose insulin dysregulation (ID) and equine metabolic syndrome; however, possible seasonal changes in OST results have not been evaluated.

Objective: To determine the possible variation in insulin response to OST throughout the year and risk factors associated with maximum insulin concentration (InsMax) and ID.

Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

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Objective: To compare cardiovascular and ventilatory effects, immobilization quality and effects on tissue perfusion of a medetomidine-ketamine-midazolam combination with or without vatinoxan (MK-467), a peripherally acting α-adrenoceptor antagonist.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, crossover study.

Animals: A group of nine healthy Patagonian maras (Dolichotis patagonum).

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of combined infusions of vatinoxan and dexmedetomidine on inhalant anesthetic requirement and cardiopulmonary function in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Methods: A total of six Beagle dogs were anesthetized to determine sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) prior to and after an intravenous (IV) dose (loading, then continuous infusion) of dexmedetomidine (4.

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Background: Obesity and insulin dysregulation (ID) predispose horses to laminitis. Determination of management practices or phenotypic markers associated with ID may benefit animal welfare.

Objectives: Determine ID status of a population of Finnhorses using an oral sugar test (OST) and compare phenotypes and management factors between ID and non-ID Finnhorses.

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Objective: To determine whether concurrent vatinoxan administration affects the antinociceptive efficacy of medetomidine in dogs at doses that provide circulating dexmedetomidine concentrations similar to those produced by medetomidine alone.

Animals: 8 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Dogs received 3 IV treatments in a randomized crossover-design trial with a 2-week washout period between experiments (medetomidine [20 μg/kg], medetomidine [20 μg/kg] and vatinoxan [400 μg/kg], and medetomidine [40 μg/kg] and vatinoxan [800 μg/kg]; M20, M20V400, and M40V800, respectively).

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Objective: To quantify the peripheral selectivity of vatinoxan (L-659,066, MK-467) in dogs by comparing the concentrations of vatinoxan, dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine in plasma and central nervous system (CNS) tissue after intravenous (IV) coadministration of vatinoxan and medetomidine.

Study Design: Experimental, observational study.

Animals: A group of six healthy, purpose-bred Beagle dogs (four females and two males) aged 6.

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Objective: To investigate the cardiovascular and sedation reversal effects of IM administration of atipamezole (AA) in dogs treated with medetomidine hydrochloride (MED) or MED and vatinoxan (MK-467).

Animals: 8 purpose-bred, 2-year-old Beagles.

Procedures: A randomized, blinded, crossover study was performed in which each dog received 2 IM treatments at a ≥ 2-week interval as follows: injection of MED (20 μg/kg) or MED mixed with 400 μg of vatinoxan/kg (MEDVAT) 30 minutes before AA (100 μg/kg).

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Clinical problems related to intestinal sand accumulation in horses are common in certain geographic areas, but the clinical signs appear nonspecific and the course of the accumulation remains somewhat obscure. This study examined the association between the presence and size of intestinal sand accumulations and owner-reported clinical signs, management, and feeding practices, as well as behavioral patterns in horses with radiographic diagnosis of sand accumulation. Owners of the horses filled in an online questionnaire.

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of the peripherally acting α-adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan (MK-467) on the sedative properties of medetomidine (MED) when injected intramuscularly (IM) in the same syringe and on reversal of this sedation with atipamezole in sheep.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, crossover experimental trial.

Animals: Eight healthy adult female sheep.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of the peripherally acting α-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 on cardiopulmonary function in sheep sedated with medetomidine and ketamine. ANIMALS 9 healthy adult female sheep. PROCEDURES Each animal received an IM injection of a combination of medetomidine (30 μg/kg) and ketamine (1 mg/kg; Med-Ket) alone and Med-Ket and 3 doses of MK-467 (150, 300, and 600 μg/kg) in a randomized blinded 4-way crossover study.

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Objective: We determined the possible effects of a peripherally acting α-adrenoceptor antagonist, MK-467, on the absorption of intramuscularly (IM) coadministered medetomidine, butorphanol and midazolam.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental, blinded crossover study.

Animals: Six healthy Beagle dogs.

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Background: Romifidine, an α-2 adrenoceptor agonist, is a widely-used sedative in equine medicine. Besides the desired sedative and analgesic actions, α-2 adrenoceptor agonists have side effects like alterations of plasma concentrations of glucose and certain stress-related hormones and metabolites in various species. Vatinoxan (previously known as MK-467), in turn, is an antagonist of α-2 adrenoceptors.

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OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of MK-467 and hyoscine butylbromide on detomidine hydrochloride-induced cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal changes in horses. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES Horses received detomidine hydrochloride (20 μg/kg, IV), followed 10 minutes later by MK-467 hydrochloride (150 μg/kg; DET-MK), hyoscine butylbromide (0.

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OBJECTIVE To compare cardiovascular effects of premedication with medetomidine alone and with each of 3 doses of MK-467 or after glycopyrrolate in dogs subsequently anesthetized with isoflurane. ANIMALS 8 healthy purpose-bred 5-year-old Beagles. PROCEDURES In a randomized crossover study, each dog received 5 premedication protocols (medetomidine [10 μg/kg, IV] alone [MED] and in combination with MK-467 at doses of 50 [MMK50], 100 [MMK100], and 150 [MMK150] μg/kg and 15 minutes after glycopyrrolate [10 μg/kg, SC; MGP]), with at least 14 days between treatments.

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OBJECTIVE To assess the possible impact of medetomidine on concentrations of alfaxalone in plasma, when coadministered as a constant rate infusion (CRI) to dogs, and to determine the possible impact of medetomidine on the cardiopulmonary effects of alfaxalone during CRI. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES 3 treatments were administered in a randomized crossover design as follows: 1 = saline (0.

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Objective: To determine the effects of low and high dose infusions of dexmedetomidine and a peripheral α-adrenoceptor antagonist, MK-467, on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in dogs.

Study Design: Crossover experimental study.

Animals: Six healthy, adult Beagle dogs weighing 12.

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Objective: To describe suspected adverse drug reactions in cats associated with use of α-adrenoceptor agonists.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: A total of 90 cats.

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Objective: We investigated the plasma concentrations and cardiovascular effects of intramuscularly (IM) administered medetomidine, administered alone or with three different doses of MK-467.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, open, crossover trial.

Animals: Eight purpose-bred healthy Beagle dogs.

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Objectives: To investigate the effects of MK-467 on sedation quality, and cardiopulmonary and pharmacokinetic variables in horses sedated intravenously (IV) with romifidine.

Study Design: Experimental, randomized, crossover design.

Animals: Seven healthy mares.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the effects of MK-467 when used alongside standard premedication (detomidine and butorphanol) in horses undergoing anesthesia with isoflurane.
  • Seven healthy horses participated in a crossover study where they received either standard premedication alone or with MK-467, with various cardiovascular metrics and drug levels monitored.
  • Results indicated that MK-467 improved cardiac function and oxygen delivery while reducing the effects of the sedative medications, suggesting its potential benefit in equine anesthesia.
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The haemodynamic interactions of a step infusion with medetomidine (MED) and the peripherally acting alpha-2 antagonist MK-467 (MK) were compared with MED infused alone in isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs. Eight purposely-bred Beagles were used in a randomised crossover study. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol intravenously (IV) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen.

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Objective: To study the effects of oromucosal detomidine gel administered sublingually to calves prior to disbudding, and to compare its efficacy with intravenously (IV) administered detomidine.

Study Design: Randomised, prospective clinical study.

Animals: Twenty dairy calves aged 12.

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The reason why some horses begin an oral stereotypy such as crib-biting is not known. The aim of this study was to measure ghrelin and leptin concentrations in plasma concentrations to determine whether there is a link to crib-biting in horses. Plasma samples (n=3) were collected for plasma leptin and ghrelin assay before and during the morning first feeding in the usual environments of 15 horses with stereotypic crib-biting and 15 matched controls.

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