Core needle biopsy changes the expression of TGFβ1 and TGFβRII at protein level, and the distribution of CD4 and CD8 positive T cells in primary breast cancer.

Core needle biopsy (CNB) has become a paradigm in preoperative breast cancer (BC) diagnosis. Although considered safe, it is an invasive procedure, which changes the tumor microenvironment. It facilitates a tumor supportive immune response, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and enables the release of circulating tumor cells.

Core needle biopsies alter the amounts of CCR5, Siglec-15, and PD-L1 positivities in breast carcinoma.

Core needle biopsies (CNB) are widely used to diagnose breast cancer, but the procedure is invasive and thus, it changes the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study is to see how the expression of three potentially anti-inflammatory molecules, namely, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-15 (Siglec-15), and C-C chemokine receptor-5 (CCR-5), are expressed in CNB and surgical resection specimens (SRS). To do this, we compared the amounts of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the levels of CCR5, Siglec-15, and PD-L1 in tumor cells and inflammatory cells as assessed by immunohistochemistry in CNB and the corresponding SRS of 22 invasive breast carcinomas of no special type and 22 invasive lobular carcinomas.

High expression of CCL2 in tumor cells and abundant infiltration with CD14 positive macrophages predict early relapse in breast cancer.

Macrophages are important for the function of the innate immune system, and in solid tumors, they represent a significant proportion of the tumor mass. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have a M2 phenotype and show a multitude of pro-tumoral functions, promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and dissemination. CCL2, synthesized by tumor and stromal cells, initiates a chemokine cascade inducing these processes.

Open-label phase 1b study of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab plus IMO-2055 in patients with colorectal cancer who have progressed following chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic disease.

Purpose: The immune modulatory oligonucleotide IMO-2055 (EMD 1201081) is a phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide agonist of Toll-like receptor 9. In preclinical studies, IMO-2055 was shown to activate natural killer cells and to support the antitumor activity of monoclonal antibodies. This phase 1b, open-label, 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial was performed to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of IMO-2055 combined with FOLFIRI/cetuximab in patients with previously treated, advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer (NCT00719199).

Expression of Reg IV and Hath1 in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Reg IV (RELP), a Regenerating protein family member, is constitutively expressed in neuroendocrine cells of the intestinal mucosa. The helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hath1 is the human homologue of murine Math1, which regulates the embryonic differentiation of neural and intestinal secretory lineage cells. Hath1 is constitutively expressed in a subset of mature secretory gastrointestinal cells.

Human ornithine decarboxylase paralogue (ODCp) is an antizyme inhibitor but not an arginine decarboxylase.

ODC (ornithine decarboxylase), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is regulated by specific inhibitors, AZs (antizymes), which in turn are inhibited by AZI (AZ inhibitor). We originally identified and cloned the cDNA for a novel human ODC-like protein called ODCp (ODC paralogue). Since ODCp was devoid of ODC catalytic activity, we proposed that ODCp is a novel form of AZI.

High expression of RELP (Reg IV) in neoplastic goblet cells of appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma and pseudomyxoma peritonei.

The regenerating protein (Reg)-like protein (RELP, also known as Reg IV) is a recently characterized fourth member of the human Reg protein family. The Reg proteins are small, about 20-kD-sized, secretory proteins of C-lectin type. The previously known Reg proteins have been functionally implicated in regeneration, proliferation, and differentiation of the pancreas, liver, and gastrointestinal mucosa.

Impact of fixative on recovery of mRNA from paraffin-embedded tissue.

Due to the evolution of advanced tissue-analysis tools, such as proteomics and functional and structural genomics, the demands for handling and preserving samples are changing. For gene expression analysis, the presence of intact and extractable messenger RNA in the test material is mandatory. To find an optimal fixative for tissues aimed for such analyses, we evaluated the morphology-, protein antigen-, and RNA-maintaining abilities of 2 precipitating tissue fixatives, methanol-acetone and Carnoy's.

RELP, a novel human REG-like protein with up-regulated expression in inflammatory and metaplastic gastrointestinal mucosa.

We screened expressed sequence tag databases for genes with up-regulated expression in inflammatory bowel diseases. A gene encoding a regenerating protein (REG)-like protein called RELP was identified and characterized. The relp gene encodes a major transcript of 1518 nucleotides, and two truncated splice variants.