Localisation of eloquent cortex using magnetoencephalography and its clinical implications.

Objectives: This study aimed to localise the eloquent cortex and measure evoked field (EF) parameters using magnetoencephalography in patients with epilepsy and tumours near the eloquent cortex.

Methods: A total of 41 patients (26 with drug-refractory epilepsy and 15 with tumours), with a mean age of 33 years, were recruited. Visual evoked field (VEF), auditory evoked field (AEF), sensory evoked field (SSEF), and motor-evoked field (MEF) latencies, amplitudes, and localisation were compared with those of a control population.

Insights from Magnetic Evoked Field Analysis in Patients with Wilson's Disease.

Aims: To study the latency, amplitude, and source localization of magnetic evoked field (MEF) responses to visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli in Wilson's disease (WD) using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and compare it with "healthy" controls, and correlate the observations with disease severity and brain MRI.

Methods: MEF of 28 patients with neurological WD (age: 22.82 ± 5.

Posterior Quadrant Disconnection for Childhood Onset Sub-Hemispheric Posterior Head Region Epilepsy: Indications in an Indian Cohort and Outcome.

Background: Posterior quadrant disconnection (PQD) is an under-utilized surgical technique in the management of refractory epilepsy. There is a dearth of data pertinent to post-PQD seizure outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with drug-resistant childhood-onset epilepsy who underwent PQD at our center from 2009 to 2018.

Content-Based Estimation of Brain MRI Tilt in Three Orthogonal Directions.

In a general scenario, the brain images acquired from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may experience tilt, distorting brain MR images. The tilt experienced by the brain MR images may result in misalignment during image registration for medical applications. Manually correcting (or estimating) the tilt on a large scale is time-consuming, expensive, and needs brain anatomy expertise.

Seizure detection and epileptogenic zone localisation on heavily skewed MEG data using RUSBoost machine learning technique.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterised by recurrent and involuntary seizures. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is clinically used as a presurgical tool in locating the epileptogenic zone by localising either interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) or ictal activities. The localisation of ictal onset provides reliable and more accurate seizure onset zones rather than localising the IEDs.

P300 in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and its correlation with cognition - A MEG based prospective case-control study.

Purpose: To assess the role of P300 in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) using magnetoencephalography (MEG) based auditory and visual oddball tasks, and to assess its correlation with neuropsychological tests.

Methods: Thirty-patients (M:F-17:13, onset-11.77 ± 8.

Magnetoencephalography imaging of high frequency oscillations strengthens presurgical localization and outcome prediction.

In patients with medically refractory epilepsy, resective surgery is the mainstay of therapy to achieve seizure freedom. However, ∼20-50% of cases have intractable seizures post-surgery due to the imprecise determination of epileptogenic zone. Recent intracranial studies suggest that high frequency oscillations between 80 and 200 Hz could serve as one of the consistent epileptogenicity biomarkers for localization of the epileptogenic zone.

A Combined Methodology to Eliminate Artifacts in Multichannel Electrogastrogram Based on Independent Component Analysis and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition.

Cutaneous measurements of electrogastrogram (EGG) signals are heavily contaminated by artifacts due to cardiac activity, breathing, motion artifacts, and electrode drifts whose effective elimination remains an open problem. A common methodology is proposed by combining independent component analysis (ICA) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to denoise gastric slow-wave signals in multichannel EGG data. Sixteen electrodes are fixed over the upper abdomen to measure the EGG signals under three gastric conditions, namely, preprandial, postprandial immediately, and postprandial 2 h after food for three healthy subjects and a subject with a gastric disorder.

NREM Sleep and Antiepileptic Medications Modulate Epileptiform Activity by Altering Cortical Synchrony.

Introduction: The activating role of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep on epileptic cortex and conversely, the seizure remission brought about by antiepileptic medications, has been attributed to their effects on neuronal synchrony. This study aims to understand the role of neural synchrony of NREM sleep in promoting interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in patients with epilepsy (PWE) by assessing the peri-IED phase synchrony during awake and sleep states. It also studies the role played by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on EEG desynchronization in the above cohort.

Source analysis of epileptiform discharges in absence epilepsy using Magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Purpose: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to record and localize the sources of the epileptiform discharges, in absence epilepsy, at three different time intervals to infer the sources of involvement during generation and propagation.

Methods: Twenty patients with absence epilepsy (M:F=1:1; age: 10.2±3.

Heightened Background Cortical Synchrony in Patients With Epilepsy: EEG Phase Synchrony Analysis During Awake and Sleep Stages Using Novel Ensemble Measure.

Introduction: Excessive cortical synchrony within neural ensembles has been implicated as an important mechanism driving epileptiform activity. The current study measures and compares background electroencephalographic (EEG) phase synchronization in patients having various types of epilepsies and healthy controls during awake and sleep stages.

Methods: A total of 120 patients with epilepsy (PWE) subdivided into 3 groups (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy [JME], temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE], and extra-temporal lobe epilepsy [Ex-TLE]; n = 40 in each group) and 40 healthy controls were subjected to overnight polysomnography.

Magnetoencephalographic imaging of ictal high-frequency oscillations (80-200 Hz) in pharmacologically resistant focal epilepsy.

Objective: Specificity of ictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in identifying epileptogenic abnormality is significant, compared to the spikes and interictal HFOs. The objectives of the study were to detect and to localize ictal HFOs by magnetoencephalography (MEG) for identifying the seizure onset zone (SOZ), evaluate the cortical excitability from preictal to ictal transition, and establish HFO concordance rates with other modalities and postsurgical resection.

Methods: Sixty-seven patients with drug-resistant epilepsy had at least 1 spontaneous seizure each during MEG acquisition, and analysis was carried out on 20 seizures from 20 patients.

Role of magnetoencephalography and stereo-electroencephalography in the presurgical evaluation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

In selected patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsies (DRFE), who otherwise are likely to be excluded from epilepsy surgery (ES) because of the absence of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-demonstrable lesion or discordant anatomo-electro-clinical (AEC) data, magnetoencephalography (MEG) may help to generate an AEC hypothesis and stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) may help to verify the hypothesis and proceed with ES. The sensitivity of MEG is much better in localizing the spiking zone in relation to lateral temporal and extratemporal cortical regions compared to the mesial temporal structures. MEG has a dominant role in the presurgical evaluation of patients with MRI-negative DRFEs, insular epilepsies, and recurrent seizures after failed epilepsy surgeries, and in guiding placement of invasive electrodes.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Intramuscular Piroxicam and Tramadol for Post-operative Pain in Patients Undergoing Caesarean Delivery.

Introduction: Post-caesarean section pain can be both stressful and unfavourable. Effective and rapid reduction of pain facilitates early ambulation and care of the new born. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are used for pain relief but they are associated with adverse effects both in the mother and the child.

Source localization of epileptiform discharges in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) using magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Objective: The purpose of this study is to localize the sources of epileptiform discharges (EDs), in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) using Magnetoencephalography (MEG), at three different time instances and analyze the propagation of EDs, from onset to offset, for inferring the cortical and subcortical region of involvement.

Methods: Twenty patients (age 23.5±6.

Combined MEG-EEG source localisation in patients with sub-acute sclerosing pan-encephalitis.

To study the genesis and propagation patterns of periodic complexes (PCs) associated with myoclonic jerks in sub-acute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (SSPE) using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Simultaneous recording of MEG (306 channels) and EEG (64 channels) in five patients of SSPE (M:F = 3:2; age 10.8 ± 3.

Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition based methodology for ultrasonic testing of coarse grain austenitic stainless steels.

A signal processing methodology is proposed in this paper for effective reconstruction of ultrasonic signals in coarse grained high scattering austenitic stainless steel. The proposed methodology is comprised of the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) processing of ultrasonic signals and application of signal minimisation algorithm on selected Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) obtained by EEMD. The methodology is applied to ultrasonic signals obtained from austenitic stainless steel specimens of different grain size, with and without defects.

Baseline drift removal and denoising of MCG data using EEMD: role of noise amplitude and the thresholding effect.

We adopt the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method, with an appropriate thresholding on the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), to denoise the magnetocardiography (MCG) signal. To this end, we discuss the two associated problems that relate to: (i) the amplitude of noise added to the observed signal in the EEMD method with a view to prevent mode mixing and (ii) the effect of direct thresholding that causes discontinuities in the reconstructed denoised signal. We then denoise the MCG signals, having various signal-to-noise ratios, by using this method and compare the results with those obtained by the standard wavelet based denoising method.

Significance of the plasma lipid profile in cases of carcinoma of cervix: a tertiary hospital based study.

Aims: To study alterations of plasma lipid profiles in carcinoma cervix and to assess significance compared with controls in different histological grades and stages.

Materials And Methods: Totals of 99 histopathologically diagnosed cases and 35 controls from a tertiary hospital situated in the southern part of India which caters the rural and semi-urban populations were considered for the study. Fasting blood samples were taken to analyze total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), for comparison of cases, grouped according to histological grades and stages, and controls.

Significance of blood group and social factors in carcinoma cervix in a semi-urban population in India.

Background: To assess the significance of social factors as risk factors for carcinoma cervix and to determine the significance of blood group to prevalence of carcinoma cervix in a semi-urban population of Kolar, Karnataka, India.

Materials And Methods: One hundred cases of carcinoma cervix were included in the study, along with 200 females of the same ages considered as controls. Case details were collected from the hospital record section regarding social factors and blood groups and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods.

Intravenous leiomyomatosis.

Leiomyomas are benign tumors arising from smooth muscle of the uterus. Intravenous leiomyomatosis is characterized by intraluminal growth of benign smooth muscle into either venous or lymphatic vessels outside the limits of myoma. It commonly extends into the pelvic veins and manifests as worm-like protrusions of tumor emanating from veins at the parametrial margins of hysterectomy specimen.

Emergence of unique variants and inter-genotype recombinants of human astroviruses infecting infants, children and adults in Kolkata, India.

Two conserved genomic fragments viz. 289bp of ORF1a and 449bp of ORF2 amplified by RT-PCR showed emergence of interesting recombinant strains representing new and novel genetic variants (n=5) within eight different genotypes of astroviruses known to date. HAstV-positive cases with ORF1a [HAstV genotype G2 or G8] and ORF2 [HAstV genotype G1, G2, or G3] were detected as sole or mixed infection among infants, children and adults in Kolkata with severe illness owing to acute gastroenteritis that required hospitalization for treatment between 2007 and 2009.