Effect of β-hydroxybutyrate acid on gene expression levels of antioxidant biomarkers and growth hormone-related genes in liver cell culture.

Introduction: In dairy cattle, oxidative stress is a predominant problem associated with diseases and reproductive health issues. This study aimed to detect the variation in the antioxidant biomarkers by adding different concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and sought to elucidate its effects on the gene expression levels of growth hormone (GH) and antioxidant biomarkers in bovine hepatocytes.

Material And Methods: Four antioxidant biomarkers, namely malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) were evaluated using commercially available bovine ELISA kits.

HNF1A POU Domain Mutations Found in Japanese Liver Cancer Patients Cause Downregulation of Promoter Activity with Possible Disruption in Transcription Networks.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) is the master regulator of liver homeostasis and organogenesis and regulates many aspects of hepatocyte functions. It acts as a tumor suppressor in the liver, evidenced by the increased proliferation in HNF1A knockout (KO) hepatocytes. Hence, we postulated that any loss-of-function variation in the gene structure or composition (mutation) could trigger dysfunction, including disrupted transcriptional networks in liver cells.

Differentiation of Subclinical Ketosis and Liver Function Test Indices in Adipose Tissues Associated With Hyperketonemia in Postpartum Dairy Cattle.

Past studies suggested that during early lactation and the transition period, higher plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in subclinical ketosis (SCK) might involve the initiation of body adipose tissues mobilization, resulting in metabolic disorders in ruminants particularly hyperketonemia. The upregulated GH mRNA expression in adipose tissue may take part in the adipolysis process in SCK-affected cows that paves a way for study further. This study aimed to characterize the plasma levels of GH, β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose (GLu) in ketotic cows and healthy control (CON) cows; to measure the liver function test (LFT) indices in ketotic and healthy CON cows, and finally the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay of candidate genes expressed in adipose tissues of ketotic and healthy CON cows during 0 to 7 week postpartum.

Oncogenic Mutation BRAF V600E Changes Phenotypic Behavior of THLE-2 Liver Cells through Alteration of Gene Expression.

The accumulation of mutations in cancer driver genes, such as tumor suppressors or proto-oncogenes, affects cellular homeostasis. Disturbances in the mechanism controlling proliferation cause significant augmentation of cell growth and division due to the loss of sensitivity to the regulatory signals. Nowadays, an increasing number of cases of liver cancer are observed worldwide.

Molecular differences in mitochondrial DNA genomes of dogs with malignant mammary tumours.

The aim of this study was to determine molecular defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with the use of large-scale genome analysis in malignant canine mammary gland tumours and indicate whether these changes were linked with the carcinogenesis process. With the use of the NGS technology, we sequenced 27 samples of mtDNA isolated from blood and tumours obtained from 13 dogs with mammary gland tumours. The total number of mutations and polymorphisms in the analysed mitochondrial genomes was 557.

Effects of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancerogenesis.

The dietary recommendation encourages reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) in diet and replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) to decrease the risk of metabolic disturbances. Consequently, excessive n-6 PUFAs content and high n-6/n-3 ratio are found in Western-type diet. The importance of a dietary n-6/n-3 ratio to prevent chronic diseases is linked with anti-inflammatory functions of linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and longer-chain n-3 PUFAs.

Post mortem changes in M. iliotibialis lateralis muscle protein profile of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae).

The available literature lacks information on the metabolic processes taking place in emu muscles after the cessation of circulation. Hence, this study was undertaken to examine the physicochemical characteristics (pH, drip loss, WHC, TBARS, L*, a*, b*) with concomitant changes in protein expression patterns (SDS-PAGE) of femoral muscle (M. iliotibialis lateralis) that occur post mortem and during the first days (0 h, 24 h, 48 h) of its maturation in 1- and 3-year-old emus.

NRF2 DLG Domain Mutations Identified in Japanese Liver Cancer Patients Affect the Transcriptional Activity in HCC Cell Lines.

Geographically, East Asia had the highest liver cancer burden in 2017. Besides this, liver cancer-related deaths were high in Japan, accounting for 3.90% of total deaths.

Effects of Three-Month Administration of High-Saturated Fat Diet and High-Polyunsaturated Fat Diets with Different Linoleic Acid (LA, C18:2n-6) to α-Linolenic Acid (ALA, C18:3n-3) Ratio on the Mouse Liver Proteome.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different types of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the proteomic profile of mouse liver. The analysis included four dietary groups of mice fed a standard diet (STD group), a high-fat diet rich in SFAs (SFA group), and high-fat diets dominated by PUFAs with linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) to α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3) ratios of 14:1 (14:1 group) and 5:1 (5:1 group). After three months of diets, liver proteins were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) using 17 cm non-linear 3-10 pH gradient strips.

Effects of Three-Month Feeding High Fat Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition on Myocardial Proteome in Mice.

Westernized diet is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), often accompanied by an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Since increased intake of SFA and n-6 PUFA is considered as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, this study was conducted to determine whether a three-month dietary supplementation of high-fat diets (HFDs) with saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of various n-6 and n-3 PUFA ratios would affect the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart. Therefore, three HFD ( = 6) feeding groups: rich in SFA, dominated by PUFA with the n-6/n-3-14:1, and n-6/n-3-5:1, ratios were compared to animals fed standard mouse chow.

Equine Sarcoids-Causes, Molecular Changes, and Clinicopathologic Features: A Review.

Equine sarcoid is the most common skin tumor of horses. Clinically, it occurs as a locally invasive, fibroblastic, wart-like lesion of equine skin, which has 6 clinical classes: occult, verrucose, nodular, fibroblastic, mixed, and malignant. Sarcoids may be single but multiple lesions are more frequent.

Regulatory Potential of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Boar Spermatozoa with Good and Poor Freezability.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are suggested to play an important role in the sperm biological processes. We performed transcriptome assembly to characterize lncRNAs in spermatozoa, and to investigate the role of the potential target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in sperm freezability. We detected approximately 4007 DElncRNAs, which were differentially expressed in spermatozoa from boars classified as having good and poor semen freezability (GSF and PSF, respectively).

Identification of Mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs) in the Nuclear Genome of .

This is the first study in which the () nuclear genome (nDNA) obtained from the GenBank database was analyzed for pseudogene sequences of mitochondrial origin. To date, there is no information about pseudogenes localized in genome. This study aimed to identify NUMTs, their length, homology, and location for potential use in evolutionary studies and to check whether their occurrence causes co-amplification during mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) analyses.

Deletion of the Gene Causes a Neuronal Differentiation Deficiency in P19 Cells.

PRDM (PRDI-BF1 (positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1) and RIZ1 (retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1) homologous domain-containing) transcription factors are a group of proteins that have a significant impact on organ development. In our study, we assessed the role of in neurogenesis and the mechanisms regulating its expression. We found that mRNA expression was induced during neurogenesis and that gene knockout caused premature neuronal differentiation of the P19 cells and enhanced the growth of non-neuronal cells.

Omega-3 Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid Affects the Level of Telomere Binding Protein TRF1 in Porcine Skeletal Muscle.

Omega-3 fatty acids are health-promoting nutrients that contribute to the amelioration of age-related diseases. Recent studies have reported the role of these fatty acids in the aging process, explicitly impacting telomere biology. The shelterin protein complex, located at the extremities of chromosomes, ensures telomere protection and length regulation.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Gene Transcripts in Porcine Endometrium during Early Stages of Pregnancy.

During the early stages of pregnancy, the uterine endometrium undergoes dramatic morphologic and functional changes accompanied with dynamic variation in gene expression. Pregnancy-stage specific differentially expressed gene (DEG)-transcript-probes were investigated and identified by comparing endometrium transcriptome at 9th day (9D), 12th day (12D) and 16th day (16D) of early pregnancy in Polish large-white (PLW) gilts. Endometrium comparisons between 9D-vs-12D, 9D-vs-16D and 12D-vs-16D of early pregnancy identified 6049, 374 and 6034 highly significant DEG-transcript-probes ( < 0.

Comparative Analysis of CpG Sites and Islands Distributed in Mitochondrial DNA of Model Organisms.

The information about mtDNA methylation is still limited, thus epigenetic modification remains unclear. The lack of comprehensive information on the comparative epigenomics of mtDNA prompts comprehensive investigations of the epigenomic modification of mtDNA in different species. This is the first study in which the theoretical CpG localization in the mtDNA reference sequences from various species (12) was compared.

Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells.

The P19 cell line derived from a mouse embryo-derived teratocarcinoma has the ability to differentiate into the three germ layers. In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), the suspension cultured P19 cell line is induced to differentiate into neurons. This phenomenon is extensively investigated as a neurogenesis model in vitro.

Comparative Analysis of the Liver Transcriptome among Cattle Breeds Using RNA-seq.

Global gene expression in liver transcriptome varies among cattle breeds. The present investigation was aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), metabolic gene networks and metabolic pathways in bovine liver transcriptome of young bulls. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the bovine liver transcriptome of dairy (Polish Holstein Friesian (HF); = 6), beef (Hereford; = 6), and dual purpose (Polish-Red; = 6) cattle breeds.

[Transgenic mice as models to study the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on metabolism].

The mouse is a popular animal model employed for studying metabolic alterations. The generation of fat-1 transgenic mice by Professor Jing X. Kang and collaborators has revolutionised the omega-3 research.

Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in bovine liver using RNA-seq technology.

Background: RNA-seq is a useful next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology that has been widely used to understand mammalian transcriptome architecture and function. In this study, a breed-specific RNA-seq experiment was utilized to detect putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in liver tissue of young bulls of the Polish Red, Polish Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Hereford breeds, and to understand the genomic variation in the three cattle breeds that may reflect differences in production traits.

Results: The RNA-seq experiment on bovine liver produced 107,114,4072 raw paired-end reads, with an average of approximately 60 million paired-end reads per library.

A porcine gluteus medius muscle genome-wide transcriptome analysis: dietary effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on biological mechanisms.

Background: The level of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect many cellular systems and function via nuclear receptors or the bioactive lipid regulation of gene expression. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the muscle transcriptome and the biological functions regulated by increased consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the pig gluteus medius muscle.

Results: The transcriptome of the gluteus medius muscle was studied for pigs subjected to either a control diet or a diet supplemented with linseed and rapeseed oil to increase polyunsaturated fatty acid content.