Test-Retest Reliability of Handgrip Strength Measurement in Children and Preadolescents.

The reliability of handgrip strength (HGS) measurement has been confirmed in adults but has been sparsely addressed in pediatric populations. The aims of this study are twofold: to determine whether sex, age and/or hand-dominance influence the test-retest differences and to establish the reliability level of the HGS measurement in typical developing pediatric participants. A total of 338 participants aged 7-13 years were tested using a digital handgrip strength (HGS) dynamometer (Jamar Plus+ Dynamometer) by the same rater on two testing trials separated by a one-day interval between sessions.

Vitamin D level is associated with severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis and incidence of acute coronary syndromes in non-diabetic cardiac patients.

Introduction: Ischaemic heart disease is the main cause of death in developed countries. There are many modifiable risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CAD). A growing number of studies point to vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for heart attacks and the conditions associated with cardiovascular disease.

Normative Values for Heart Rate Variability Parameters in School-Aged Children: Simple Approach Considering Differences in Average Heart Rate.

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a clinical tool frequently used to characterize cardiac autonomic status. The aim of this study was to establish normative values for short-term HRV parameters by considering their main determinants in school-aged children. Five-minute electrocardiograms were taken from 312 non-athlete children (153 boys) at age of 6 to 13 years for computation of conventional time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters.

Assessment of Maximal Isometric Hand Grip Strength in School-aged Children.

Background: Hand grip strength (HGS) test is commonly used as an indicator of overall muscle strength in medical and sport practices. Recently, several studies have proposed that the measurement of the maximal HGS depends on dynamometer's handle position. The aim of the present study was to identify the optimal handle position to obtain maximal HGS using the hand grip dynamometer (HGD) for school-aged children.

Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Degree of Coronary Artery Disease in Cardiac Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Several modifiable factors may influence cardiac function in diabetic patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D level on the stage of coronary atherosclerosis in cardiac patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The study was performed in 337 consecutive patients undergoing coronarography.

Interaction Between Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate in Pediatric Population.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is primarily heart rate (HR) dependent, and therefore, different HR may exert different impact on HRV. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of HR on HRV in children and to determine whether HRV indices normalized to HR are sex- and age-related.

Methods: Short-term ECG recordings were performed in 346 healthy children.

High-spin radical cations of alternating poly(m-p-anilines).

Three alternating poly(m-p-anilines) have been synthesized via palladium-catalyzed amination reactions. Polymers were oxidized to radical cations by the use of chemical and electrochemical methods. The presence of radical cations was manifested by the appearance of two new bands in UV-vis spectra and a strong EPR signal.