Bioaccessibility of Maillard Reaction Products from Biscuits Formulated from Buckwheat Flours Fermented by Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria.

The in vitro bioaccessibility of the soluble protein and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) such as furosine (an early indicator of the MR), free FIC (fluorescent intermediate compounds), and FAST index (fluorescence of advanced MRPs and tryptophan), and the level of melanoidins defined by the browning index were analyzed in biscuits formulated from raw and roasted common buckwheat flours fermented by select lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The content of soluble proteins in fermented buckwheat flour and biscuits before and after digestion in vitro was significantly dependent on the LAB applied and the type of flour used and was the highest in the digested biscuits, indicating increased bioaccessibility. Generally, in all analyzed biscuits a lower furosine content was observed as compared to control samples, and its high bioaccessibility was noted after digestion.

Identification and Bioaccessibility of Maillard Reaction Products and Phenolic Compounds in Buckwheat Biscuits Formulated from Flour Fermented by 2710.

The identification and potential bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds using the highly sensitive micro-HPLC-QTRAP/MS/MS technique and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in buckwheat biscuits formulated from flours, raw and roasted, fermented by 2710 was addressed in this study after in vitro digestion. The content of the analyzed MRPs such as furosine, FAST index, and the level of melanoidins defined by the browning index was increased in the biscuits prepared from fermented flours as compared to the control biscuits prepared from non-fermented ones. After in vitro digestion higher content of furosine was observed in control and tested biscuits providing its high potential bioaccessibility.

Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Buckwheat Biscuits Prepared from Flours Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria.

The literature reports that the consumption of common buckwheat ( Moench), exactly the polyphenols it contains, is associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits. Therefore, the determination of the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and flavonoids from buckwheat biscuits formulated from liquid-state fermented flours (BB) by selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) after gastrointestinal digestion was addressed in this study. Bioaccessibility could be defined as the fraction of a compound that is released from the food matrix in the gastrointestinal lumen and used for intestinal absorption.

An Electrochemical Determination of the Total Reducing Capacity of Wheat, Spelt, and Rye Breads.

The most interesting activities associated with bread components such as phenolic compounds, fibre, tocols, or newly formed compounds in the Maillard reaction, are their reducing properties responsible for the formation of the overall reducing capacity of bread. Among the electrochemical methods, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique has been recently adapted for this purpose. In this study, the application of the CV assay for the determination of the total reducing capacity of flours, doughs, and breads as well as their crumbs and crusts, originated from wheat, spelt, and rye formulated on white flours (extraction rate of 70%) and dark flours (extraction rate of 100%) and baked at 200 °C for 35 min and at 240 °C for 30 min was addressed.

In Vitro Expanded Bioaccessibility of Quercetin-3-Rutinoside and Quercetin Aglycone from Buckwheat Biscuits Formulated from Flours Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria.

The expanded bioaccessibility of rutin (Ru) and quercetin (Q) from buckwheat biscuits (BBs) formulated from liquid-state fermented flours by selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were determined after gastrointestinal digestion. Fermentation of buckwheat flours caused a LAB-dependent variation in Ru and Q content. BBs baked at 220 °C for 30 min showed lower content of Ru and Q, and no correlation was found between the content of these compounds in fermented flours and BBs.

ACE Inhibitory Properties and Phenolics Profile of Fermented Flours and of Baked and Digested Biscuits from Buckwheat.

The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and phenolics profile of fermented flours and of baked and digested buckwheat biscuits was studied. The fermentation of buckwheat flour by select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) caused a decrease in ACE inhibitory activity as compared to the non-fermented flour. The baking process significantly reduced the ACE inhibitory activity of biscuits obtained from fermented flours, whereas digestion significantly increased these properties.

Changes in protein quality and antioxidant properties of buckwheat seeds and groats induced by roasting.

This study focused on the evaluation of changes in protein quality and antioxidant properties of buckwheat seeds and groats induced by roasting. Changes in protein quality were indirectly measured by Maillard reaction chemical indicators such as furosine, FAST index, and browning. Characterization of antioxidant profiles of raw whole seeds, roasted whole seeds, raw groats, and roasted groats was undertaken by determining the extractable total phenolic compounds (TPC), extractable total flavonoids (TF) and individual flavonoids, lipophilic and hydrophilic peroxyl radical scavengers by ORAC(FL) assay, and scavengers of ABTS radical cations by TEAC assay.

Determination of the relative contribution of quercetin and its glucosides to the antioxidant capacity of onion by cyclic voltammetry and spectrophotometric methods.

This paper describes the use of cyclic voltammetry (CV), spectrophotometric methods [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), peroxyl radical trapping capacity (PRTC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) reducing capacity], and photochemiluminescence (PCL) for the measurement of the antioxidant capacity of onion var. Sochaczewska and var. Szalotka.

Antioxidant contents and antioxidative properties of traditional rye breads.

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of flour extraction rate on the antioxidative properties of traditional rye bread and then to compare the bioactive compounds content and antioxidant properties of rye breads with commercial wheat roll. Four types of rye flour with different extraction rates of 100 (whole meal dark flour), 95 (brown flour), 90 (brown flour), and 70% (light flour) originated from Warko rye cultivar were used for traditional bread baking with sourdough fermentation. Four types of the respective rye breads were analyzed for their potentially beneficial components, including tocopherols and tocotrienols, total phenolics and flavonoids, reduced glutathione, and inositol hexaphosphates.