Publications by authors named "Marius Troseid"

Background: The Bari-SolidAct randomized controlled trial compared baricitinib with placebo in patients with severe COVID-19. A post hoc analysis revealed a higher incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) among SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated participants who had received baricitinib. This sub-study aimed to investigate whether vaccination influences the safety profile of baricitinib in patients with severe COVID-19.

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Background: There is an unmet need for treatment of long-term symptoms following COVID-19. Remdesivir is currently the only antiviral approved by the European Medicines Agency for hospitalised patients. Here, we report on the effect of remdesivir in addition to standard of care on long-term symptoms and quality of life in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 as part of the open-label randomised NOR-Solidarity trial (NCT04321616).

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Background: Chronic heart failure (HF) patients have reduced microbiota diversity. Leakage of microbes and their metabolites into the bloodstream may activate neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consist of chromatin and proteases, and may contribute to HF pathogenesis.

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Article Synopsis
  • People with HIV (PWH) are more likely to have heart problems compared to those without HIV.
  • Researchers studied certain markers in blood to see if they could help understand heart risks in PWH and found that some levels were higher in those who hadn't started treatment.
  • They discovered that two specific markers, CysB and IL-18, were linked to the presence of fatty deposits in the neck arteries of PWH.
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Background: In acute heart failure (HF), reduced cardiac output, vasoconstriction and congestion may damage the intestinal mucosa and disrupt its barrier function. This could facilitate the leakage of bacterial products into circulation and contribute to inflammation and adverse cardiac remodelling. We aimed to investigate gut leakage markers and their associations with inflammation, infarct size and cardiac function.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to explore how the relationship between SARS-CoV2 viral load (VL) and inflammation markers changes over time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and if these markers can predict severe health outcomes.
  • Researchers collected samples from 160 patients and found that higher levels of specific inflammatory markers at admission were linked to severe outcomes, while the association between VL and inflammation markers strengthened in the days following hospitalization.
  • The findings suggest that certain inflammatory markers, particularly when combined with high VL, could help identify severe cases, leading to potential changes in treatment approaches that use both antiviral and anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has converted HIV from a lethal disease to a chronic condition, yet co-morbidities persist. Incomplete immune recovery and chronic immune activation, especially in the gut mucosa, contribute to these complications. Inflammasomes, multi-protein complexes activated by innate immune receptors, appear to play a role in these inflammatory responses.

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There is a reciprocal relationship between extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and inflammation that could be operating in the progression of severe COVID-19. To explore the immune-driven ECM remodelling in COVID-19, we in this explorative study analysed these interactions in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. RNA sequencing and flow analysis were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

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Purpose Of Review: To report recent evidence on associations between human microbiome, particularly airway and gut, and pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH). Furthermore, we explore how changes in the microbiome may contribute to pulmonary immune dysregulation and higher rates of pulmonary comorbidities among PWH. Finally, we propose future directions in the field.

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Article Synopsis
  • People living with HIV (PLWH) face a higher risk of inflammatory-driven comorbidities like cardiovascular disease (CVD), potentially influenced by changes in the gut microbiome and other factors.
  • Research indicates that PLWH experience alterations in their gut microbiome, which may contribute to cardiometabolic issues, showing similar features to microbiota linked with CVD and reduced production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
  • While recent findings offer insights into the relationship between the gut microbiome, metabolites, and comorbidities in PLWH, these factors are not currently recognized as reliable biomarkers or therapeutic targets, highlighting the need for further research in clinical applications.
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Background: The complement system, an upstream recognition system of innate immunity, is activated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. To gain a deeper understanding of the extent and duration of this activation, we investigated complement activation profiles during the acute phase of COVID-19, its persistence post-recovery and dynamic changes in relation to disease severity.

Methods: Serial blood samples were obtained from two cohorts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 457).

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Background: Interactions between the gut microbiota, diet, and host metabolism contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, but a firm link between disease-specific gut microbiota alterations and circulating metabolites is lacking.

Methods: We performed shot-gun sequencing on 235 samples from 166 HF patients and 69 healthy control samples. Separate plasma samples from healthy controls (n = 53) were used for the comparison of imidazole propionate (ImP) levels.

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Background: Several studies have examined parameters of increased thrombogenicity in COVID-19, but studies examining their association with long-term outcome and potential effects of antiviral agents in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are scarce.

Objectives: To evaluate plasma levels of hemostatic proteins during hospitalization in relation to disease severity, treatment modalities, and persistent pulmonary pathology after 3 months.

Methods: In 165 patients with COVID-19 recruited into the NOR-Solidarity trial (NCT04321616) and randomized to treatment with hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, or standard of care, we analyzed plasma levels of hemostatic proteins during the first 10 days of hospitalization ( = 160) and at 3 months of follow-up ( = 100) by enzyme immunoassay.

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Background: Evidence-based guidelines for cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) regarding use of second- and third-line agents, treatment duration, surveillance and prognostic factors are lacking.

Objective: To analyze the clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, monitoring and clinical outcomes in a Norwegian cohort.

Methods: Using discharge diagnoses between 2017 through 2020 from a large tertiary center, we identified 52 patients with CS.

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Background: The impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on coronary artery disease (CAD) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that imidazole propionate (ImP), a microbial metabolite, is linked with cardiometabolic diseases.

Methods: Fecal samples from participants of the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study were processed for 16S rRNA sequencing and ImP measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

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Background: The new European Medicines Agency (EMA) Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS), based on the Clinical Trials Regulation (CTR EU 536/2014), came into full effect on 31 January 2022 and was intended to provide an easier, more streamlined approach to the registration of clinical trials taking place in Europe. Using the experience gained on the new regulatory framework from three multi-national European clinical research studies of outbreak-prone infectious diseases, this article describes the advantages and shortcomings of the new clinical trial submission procedure.

Methods: We report the time to approval, size of the application dossier, and number of requests for information (RFIs) for each study.

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Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been associated with older age, inflammation and with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to characterize the burden of CHIP, and to explore the association between CHIP, inflammatory markers, and CAD in older persons with HIV (PWH).

Methods: From the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study, we included 190 individuals older than 55 years of age.

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Background: Abnormal remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has generally been linked to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. To further elucidate the role of ECM remodelling and excessive fibrogenesis in severe COVID-19, we examined circulating levels of mediators involved in various aspects of these processes in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Serial blood samples were obtained from two cohorts of hospitalised COVID-19 patients (n = 414).

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Fatty acids (FAs) are important regulators of immune responses and innate defense mechanisms. We hypothesized that disturbed FA metabolism could contribute to the progression of HIV infection. Plasma levels of 45 FAs were analyzed with gas chromatography in healthy controls and HIV-infected patients with regard to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection.

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Human papillomavirus can cause preinvasive, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) as precursors to cancer in the anogenital area, and the microbiome is suggested to be a contributing factor. Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a high risk of anal cancer, but current screening strategies for HSIL detection lack specificity. Here, we investigated the anal microbiome to improve HSIL screening.

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Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) and investigate whether inflammatory markers, including interleukin 6, IL-1β, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), were associated with CAD.

Methods: From the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study, we included virologically suppressed PWH who underwent coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography. Any atherosclerosis was defined as >0% stenosis, and obstructive CAD as ≥50% stenosis.

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