Background: Sex-related effects on the evolution and phenotype of major depressive disorder (MDD) were reported previously.
Methods: This European multicenter cross-sectional study compared sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment patterns between males and females in a real-world sample of 1410 in- and outpatients with current MDD.
Results: Male MDD patients (33.
This work set out to develop a motion-correction approach aided by conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) methodology that allows reliable, data-driven determination of involuntary subject motion during dynamic F-FDG brain studies. Ten healthy volunteers (5 men/5 women; mean age ± SD, 27 ± 7 y; weight, 70 ± 10 kg) underwent a test-retest F-FDG PET/MRI examination of the brain ( = 20). The imaging protocol consisted of a 60-min PET list-mode acquisition contemporaneously acquired with MRI, including MR navigators and a 3-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography sequence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: In the past, determination of absolute values of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc) in clinical routine was rarely carried out due to the invasive nature of arterial sampling. With the advent of combined PET/MR imaging technology, CMRGlc values can be obtained non-invasively, thereby providing the opportunity to take advantage of fully quantitative data in clinical routine. However, CMRGlc values display high physiological variability, presumably due to fluctuations in the intrinsic activity of the brain at rest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe describe a fully automated processing pipeline to support the noninvasive absolute quantification of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlc) in a clinical setting. This pipeline takes advantage of "anatometabolic" information associated with fully integrated PET/MRI. Ten healthy volunteers (5 men and /5 women; 27 ± 7 y old; 70 ± 10 kg) underwent a test-retest F-FDG PET/MRI examination of the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFquantification of the serotonin transporter (SERT) guided our understanding of many neuropsychiatric disorders. A recently introduced bolus plus constant infusion protocol has been shown to allow the reliable determination of SERT binding with reduced scan time. In this work, the outcomes of two methods, a bolus injection paradigm on a GE PET camera, and a bolus plus infusion paradigm on a combined Siemens PET/MR camera were compared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacological imaging of the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) may aid the clarification of their mechanism of action and influence treatment of highly prevalent neuropsychiatric conditions if the detected effects could be related to patient outcomes. In a randomized double-blind design, 38 healthy participants received a constant infusion of 8 mg citalopram or saline during either their first or second of two PET/MR scans. Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) was acquired simultaneously with PET data on the binding of serotonin transporters (5-HTT) using [C]DASB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased cerebral monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels have been shown in non-seasonal depression using positron emission tomography (PET). Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a sub-form of major depressive disorder and is typically treated with bright light therapy (BLT). The serotonergic system is affected by season and light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite intense research, the underlying mechanisms and the etiology of Tourette's syndrome (TS) remain unknown. Data from molecular imaging studies targeting the dopamine system in Tourette patients are inconclusive. For a better understanding of the striatal dopamine function in adult dopamine-antagonist-free patients we performed a systematic review in August 2017 identifying 49 PET and SPECT studies on the topic of TS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The brain's energy budget can be non-invasively assessed with different imaging modalities such as functional MRI (fMRI) and PET (fPET), which are sensitive to oxygen and glucose demands, respectively. The introduction of hybrid PET/MRI systems further enables the simultaneous acquisition of these parameters. Although a recently developed method offers the quantification of task-specific changes in glucose metabolism (CMRGlu) in a single measurement, direct comparison of the two imaging modalities is still difficult because of the different temporal resolutions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbsolute quantification of PET brain imaging requires the measurement of an arterial input function (AIF), typically obtained invasively via an arterial cannulation. We present an approach to automatically calculate an image-derived input function (IDIF) and cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGlc) from the [18F]FDG PET data using an integrated PET/MRI system. Ten healthy controls underwent test-retest dynamic [18F]FDG-PET/MRI examinations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe STICH(-ES) trial showed that coronary artery bypass grafting was superior to medical therapy alone in treating ischemic heart failure. However, dosages of disease modifying drugs were not reported. We included 128 (84% male, mean age 66 ± 11 years) consecutive patients with ischemic heart failure and an ejection fraction ≤35% undergoing isolated elective coronary artery bypass grafting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Comprehensive description of ketamine's molecular binding profile becomes increasingly pressing as use in real-life patient cohorts widens. Animal studies attribute a significant role in the substance's antidepressant effects to the serotonergic system. The serotonin transporter is a highly relevant target in this context, because it is central to depressive pathophysiology and treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) modulate serotonergic neurotransmission by blocking reuptake of serotonin from the extracellular space. Up to now, it remains unclear how SSRIs achieve their antidepressant effect. However, task-based and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, have demonstrated connectivity changes between brain regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The investigation of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlu) at baseline and during specific tasks previously required separate scans with the drawback of high intrasubject variability. We aimed to validate a novel approach to assessing baseline glucose metabolism and task-specific changes in a single measurement with a constant infusion of F-FDG.
Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects underwent two PET measurements with arterial blood sampling.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder with a strong genetic component. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is a key target for ADHD treatment and the NET gene has been of high interest as a possible modulator of ADHD pathophysiology. Therefore, we conducted an imaging genetics study to examine possible effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the NET gene on NET nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND ) in patients with ADHD and healthy controls (HCs).
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