Expected impact of MRI-targeted biopsy interreader variability among uropathologists on ProScreen prostate cancer screening trial: a pre-trial validation study.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) histology, particularly the Gleason score, is an independent prognostic predictor in PCa. Little is known about the inter-reader variability in grading of targeted prostate biopsy based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to assess inter-reader variability in Gleason grading of MRI-targeted biopsy among uropathologists and its potential impact on a population-based randomized PCa screening trial (ProScreen).

Atypical urothelial cells classified according to the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: A 2-year experience with histological correlation from a Finnish tertiary care center-low rate and high risk of malignancy.

Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was issued to shift the focus of urine cytology to high-grade lesions to increase the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the power of TPS in the atypical urothelial cells (AUC) category with histological correlation and follow-up.

Methods: The data cohort consisted of 3741 voided urine samples collected during a 2-year period between January 2017 and December 2018.

Endocervical Cytology: Inter- and Intra-Observer Variability in Conventional Pap Smears.

Introduction: Although the cytological diagnostic criteria for cervical squamous and glandular lesions are established by the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, the reproducibility of the diagnosis of these lesions has been shown to be variable in previous studies. At best, occasional good kappa (κ) values were reached both inter- and intra-observerly. Generally, consensus on high-grade lesions has been better compared to milder changes.

Paclitaxel, Carboplatin and 1,25-D3 Inhibit Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells .

Background/aim: The combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin is the standard chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Previous studies have implied that vitamin D (1,25-D3) may have growth inhibitory effects in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of paclitaxel, carboplatin and 1,25-D3 on the growth of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, based on the hypothesis that 1,25-D3 might potentiate the effect of paclitaxel and/or carboplatin.

Paclitaxel, Carboplatin and 1,25-D3 Inhibit Proliferation of Endometrial Cancer Cells .

Background/aim: Endometrial cancer cells are known to be sensitive to carboplatin and paclitaxel. Furthermore, vitamin D (1,25-D3) has been reported to inhibit endometrial cancer cell growth both as a single agent and combined with carboplatin. However, there are no studies comparing the effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin as single agents vs.

Feasibility of Prostate PAXgene Fixation for Molecular Research and Diagnostic Surgical Pathology: Comparison of Matched Fresh Frozen, FFPE, and PFPE Tissues.

Advances in prostate cancer biology and diagnostics are dependent upon high-fidelity integration of clinical, histomorphologic, and molecular phenotypic findings. In this study, we compared fresh frozen, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), and PAXgene-fixed paraffin-embedded (PFPE) tissue preparation methods in radical prostatectomy prostate tissue from 36 patients and performed a preliminary test of feasibility of using PFPE tissue in routine prostate surgical pathology diagnostic assessment. In addition to comparing histology, immunohistochemistry, and general measures of DNA and RNA integrity in each fixation method, we performed functional tests of DNA and RNA quality, including targeted Miseq RNA and DNA sequencing, and implemented methods to relate DNA and RNA yield and quality to quantified DNA and RNA picogram nuclear content in each tissue volume studied.

Robotic-assisted vs traditional laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Previous studies comparing robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery to traditional laparoscopic or open surgery in gynecologic oncology have been retrospective. To our knowledge, no prospective randomized trials have thus far been performed on endometrial cancer.

Objective: We sought to prospectively compare traditional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer.

Length of prostate biopsies is not necessarily compromised by pooling multiple cores in one paraffin block: an observational study.

Background: Individually submitted prostatic needle biopsies are recommended by most guidelines because of their potential advantage in terms of core quality. However, unspecified bilateral biopsies are commonly submitted in many centers. The length of the core is the key quality indicator of prostate biopsies.

Muraglitazar-eluting bioabsorbable vascular stent inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in porcine iliac arteries.

Purpose: To evaluate the biocompatibility of a new muraglitazar-eluting polylactide copolymer stent and investigate its ability to prevent the formation of intimal hyperplasia.

Materials And Methods: Ten self-expandable muraglitazar-eluting poly-96 L/4D-lactic acid (PLA96) stents and 10 self-expandable control PLA96 stents were implanted into porcine common iliac arteries. After 28 days follow-up, all stent-implanted iliac arteries were harvested and prepared for quantitative histomorphometric analysis.

Histological inflammation and risk of subsequent prostate cancer among men with initially elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial.

Objective: To assess whether histological signs of inflammation are associated with an increased risk of subsequent prostate cancer (PCa) in men with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations and benign initial biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Study subjects were men aged 54-67 years with an elevated PSA (≥4 ng/mL or 3-4 ng/mL and free to total PSA ratio ≤0.16 or positive digital rectal examination), but a benign biopsy result within the Finnish population-based randomised screening trial for PCa, which started in 1996.

The preoperative assessment of deep myometrial invasion by three-dimensional ultrasound versus MRI in endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional power Doppler angiography (3D-PDA) in the preoperative assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Setting: University hospital.

Routine dual-color immunostaining with a 3-antibody cocktail improves the detection of small cancers in prostate needle biopsies.

We performed dual-color immunostaining with a 3-antibody cocktail (α-methylacyl coenzyme-A racemase, CK34betaE12, and p63) on prostate biopsies from 200 patients. Current practice (hematoxylin and eosin staining followed by dual-color immunostaining on selected cases) was compared with a protocol in which routine dual-color immunostaining was provided in all cases. In the original pathology reports, adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 87/200 (43%) patients.

Variability in diagnostic opinion among pathologists for single small atypical foci in prostate biopsies.

Pathologists are increasingly exposed to prostate biopsies with small atypical foci, requiring differentiation between adenocarcinoma, atypical small acinar proliferation suspicious for malignancy, and a benign diagnosis. We studied the level of agreement for such atypical foci among experts in urologic pathology and all-round reference pathologists of the European Randomized Screening study of Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). For this purpose, we retrieved 20 prostate biopsies with small (most <1 mm) atypical foci.

Biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer in the Finnish screening trial.

Prostate cancer aggressiveness was evaluated based on pathologic characterization of cases detected in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial. The trial population consists of 80,458 men aged 55-67 years. A total of 32,000 men were randomized to the screening arm.

Biocompatibility properties of a new braided biodegradable urethral stent: a comparison with a biodegradable spiral and a braided metallic stent in the rabbit urethra.

Objective: To compare the biocompatibility properties of a new braided biodegradable self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid (SR-PLLA) urethral stent to the former spiral biodegradable SR-PLLA stent and the stainless steel stent in a rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: In all, 54 male New Zealand White rabbits were anaesthetized and stents inserted into the prostatic urethra, three of each kind for each sample time. The rabbits were killed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 months and light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy used to analyse the effects.

Detection rates of high-grade prostate cancer during subsequent screening visits. Results of the European Randomized Screening Study for Prostate Cancer.

Screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests has led to a stage and grade shift as compared to the pre-PSA era. Effectiveness of screening for prostate cancer should be manifested by a reduction in detection rate of aggressive cancers during subsequent screening. In 6 centers of the European Randomized Screening study for Prostate Cancer, a total of 58,710 men were tested for prostate cancer.

Biocompatibility and implantation properties of 2 differently braided, biodegradable, self-reinforced polylactic acid urethral stents: an experimental study in the rabbit.

Purpose: Biodegradable urethral stents have been in clinical use for more than 10 years. To solve the problems connected with the helical spiral configuration of the stents used to date we developed a new tubular mesh configuration and evaluated the biocompatibility properties and degradation time of 2 differently braided stents in the rabbit urethra.

Materials And Methods: The biodegradable, self-expanding stents were made of self-reinforced polylactic acid polymer blended with BaSO4 (Alfa Chem, Kings Point, New York).

Biocompatibility, encrustation and biodegradation of ofloxacine and silver nitrate coated poly-L-lactic acid stents in rabbit urethra.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility, encrustation and biodegradation properties of silver nitrate and ofloxacine blended caprolactone-L-lactide copolymer coated self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid (SR-PLLA) urospirals in situ in the male rabbit urethra. SR-PLLA urospirals coated with 10% by weight silver nitrate or 5% by weight ofloxacine blended copolymer or pure copolymer were inserted into the posterior urethra of 18 male rabbits. No prophylactic antibiotics were given.

Rabbit muscle and urethral in situ biocompatibility properties of the self-reinforced L-lactide-glycolic acid copolymer 80: 20 spiral stent.

Purpose: A new type of self-reinforced L-lactide-glycolic acid copolymer, molar ratio 80:20, stent was developed. We evaluated the tissue biocompatibility properties of the new material.

Materials And Methods: Rods made of self-reinforced L-lactide-glycolic acid copolymer were inserted into rabbit dorsal muscles and rods of latex or polyvinylchloride and silicone served as positive and negative controls, respectively.