Congenital orbital teratoma: a rare case with intracranial extension.

Introduction: Teratoma is the most common congenital tumor, but the orbital location is rare. It is composed of tissues from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Clinical Presentation: Congenital orbital teratoma commonly presents as unilateral proptosis, with rapid growth, leading to exposure keratopathy.

Terminal Anatomy of Phrenic Nerve: A Deeper Look at Diaphragm Innervation Patterns.

Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injuries are devastating lesions, and neurotization is an usually elected surgical therapy. The phrenic nerve has been harvested as a motor fibers donor in brachial plexus neurotization, showing great results in terms of motor reinnervation. Unfortunately, these interventions lack solid evidence regarding long-term safety and possible late respiratory function sequelae, raising crescent concerns after the COVID-19 pandemic onset and possibly resulting in reduced propensity to use this technique.

Multimodal treatment of an extremely rare desmoplastic small round cell tumor primary to the brachial plexus - A case report and review of literature.

Background: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm typically located in the abdomen or pelvis. Other possible locations are the chest, pleura, scrotum, and central nervous system. DSRCT originally arising from the brachial plexus (BP) is extremely rare, to the best of our knowledge, only two cases have been previously described in the English scientific literature.

A Neglected Cause of Iatrogenic Brachial Plexus Injuries in Psychiatric Patients.

Background: Psychiatric patients are often kept immobilized during hospitalization to avoid self-inflicted injuries and danger to third parties. Inadequate positioning can lead to brachial plexus injuries (BPI).

Objective: To present a series of 5 psychiatric patients with BPI after being left sedated and restrained for prolonged periods of time during hospitalization.