Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma in Skin of Color: A Review.

People of color (POC) affected by skin cancer suffer disproportionately from worse morbidity and mortality. Although skin cancers occur most frequently in White individuals overall, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an exception. CTCL is a rare skin cancer comprising several subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; each contains a unique clinical profile that varies with race.

Sequencing of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Primary Tumors and Patient-Matched Metastases Reveals as a Potential Driver in Metastases and Low Mutational Concordance in Immunocompromised Patients.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a common skin cancer that is responsible for 1,000,000 cases and up to 9,000 deaths annually in the United States. Metastases occur in 2-5% of patients and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to perform targeted next-generation sequencing on a cohort of squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors and patient-matched lymph node metastases.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Immunosuppressed Patients: A Systematic Review of Tumor Profiling Studies.

As solid organ transplantation becomes more prevalent, more individuals are living as members of the immunosuppressed population with an elevated risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Although great progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of cSCC in general, little is known about the drivers of tumorigenesis in immunosuppressed patients and organ-transplant recipients, specifically. This systematic review sought to synthesize information regarding the genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as changes in protein and mRNA expression that place this growing population at risk for cSCC, influence treatment response, and promote tumor aggressiveness.

Rare Cutaneous Malignancies in Skin of Color.

Background: There is a scarcity of information regarding the clinical characteristics of rare cutaneous malignancies in skin of color that has yet to be comprehensively explored.

Objective: To review and compile the racial differences in epidemiology, clinical presentation, histology, treatments, and outcomes of 3 rare skin cancers: dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), and sebaceous carcinoma (SC).

Methods: Several searches with keywords denoting specific skin cancer type and race were conducted on PubMed to complete this narrative review.

Recurrence Status, Perineural Invasion, and Hypothyroidism Are Associated With Lymph Node Metastasis in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Lymph node metastasis is a critical prognostic indicator for mortality in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Objective: To identify and characterize key risk factors for SCC lymph node metastasis.

Methods: This was a multi-institutional, case-control study of 65 cutaneous SCCs with known lymph node metastasis matched with 195 cutaneous SCCs without lymph node metastasis (3:1 matching).

Glycosylation of FGFR4 in cholangiocarcinoma regulates receptor processing and cancer signaling.

Recent advances in targeted treatment for cholangiocarcinoma have focused on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. There are four receptor tyrosine kinases that respond to FGFs, and posttranslational processing has been demonstrated for each FGF receptor. Here, we investigated the role of N-linked glycosylation on the processing and function of FGFR4.

What's Eating You? Culex Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus.

West Nile virus (WNV) commonly presents cutaneously as a maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities that most often appears around the time of defervescence and may serve as a positive prognostic indicator. Several laboratory tests can aid in diagnosis of WNV, including an IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but an antibody response may not be detectable for up to 8 days after symptom onset. Taking a comprehensive history in any patient presenting with a generalized maculopapular rash, fever, nonspecific symptoms, or neurologic changes can aid the astute dermatologist in promptly recognizing the possibility of WNV.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Gene Mutations Differ Between Asian, Hispanic, and Caucasian Patients: A Pilot Study.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy worldwide. While most BCCs are treated surgically, advanced BCCs are often treated with gene-targeted therapies. While there has been a lot of research in BCC from Caucasian patients, research is lacking in patients with skin of color.

What Is New in Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Year of the COVID Pandemic?

Purpose Of Review: This article aims to summarize some recent trends in occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), including dermatitis related to pandemic-level personal protective equipment in healthcare workers, hazards patients may experience when working from home, and occupational perspectives on the recent American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) allergens of the year and ACDS Core Allergen Series updates.

Recent Findings: Recent ACDS Allergens of the Year may be particularly relevant to healthcare workers, including isobornyl acrylate, which is present in glucose sensors and propylene glycol present in hand cleansers and disinfectants. Lavender, limonene, and linalool, all of which are new additions to the ACDS Core Allergen Series, have been reported as causes for occupational ACD in massage therapists and aromatherapists.

Analysis of mutations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma reveals novel genes and mutations associated with patient-specific characteristics and metastasis: a systematic review.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) causes approximately 1,000,000 cases and 9000 deaths each year in the United States. While individual tumor sequencing studies have discovered driver mutations in SCC, there has yet to be a review and subsequent analysis synthesizing current studies. To conduct a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of SCC sequencing studies with individual patient-level data, a comprehensive literature search was performed.

The Correlation Between Immunohistochemistry Findings and Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. Only 2% to 5% of SCCs metastasize; however, those do carry a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used by pathologists to characterize skin cancers and provide clinically useful information.

Targeted next-generation sequencing of matched localized and metastatic primary high-risk SCCs identifies driver and co-occurring mutations and novel therapeutic targets.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and is responsible for over one million cases annually. While only 3-5 % of SCCs metastasize, those that do are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Using gene mutations to help predict metastasis and select therapeutics is still being explored.

The Effects of Lavender Essential Oil on Wound Healing: A Review of the Current Evidence.

The commercialization of essential oils has expanded their presence in the United States, and emerging studies demonstrate that they may have a place in Western medicine. One oil with a significant body of evidence is lavender essential oil, which may have benefits in wound healing. This review aims to present the scientific literature on therapeutic lavender essential oil with the goal of expanding the current repertoire of cost-effective wound healing options available to physicians and patients.

Next-generation sequencing identifies novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) causes 1 million cases in the United States annually. There are germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that result in an increased risk of SCC and altered response to therapy.

Premise: There may be biologically relevant SNPs not detected using traditional GWAS studies.

Representation of women as editors in dermatology journals: A comprehensive review.

Background: Despite a substantial increase in the number of women matriculating into medical school, a gender gap still exists with respect to academic leadership positions. This gap is apparent in the field of dermatology, particularly in the composition of dermatology journal editorial boards. To address this gap, we must first acknowledge its existence, examine potential reasons for its existence, and propose strategies to narrow the gap.

The proportion of male and female editors in women's health journals: A critical analysis and review of the sex gap.

Background: Historically, women have been underrepresented in leadership positions in medicine. The reasons for this are multifactorial. In recent years, women's representation in medicine has improved.

Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, attenuates the fish hypoxia response.

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (FLX), the active ingredient of the antidepressant drug Prozac, inhibits reuptake of the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine), into cells by the 5-HT transporter (SERT). Given the role of 5-HT in oxygen detection and the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses of fish to hypoxia, we hypothesized that treatment of the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, with FLX would interfere with their response to hypoxia. Toadfish treated intra-arterially with 3.